单元测试对小学生学习的反拨效应研究

Research on the Backwash Effect of Unit Tests on Primary School Students’ Learning

摘要: 反拨效应指的是测试开发和实施对语言教师和学习者产生的影响，促使其做原来不做的事情，从而促进或抑制语言学习的程度。本文采用描述性研究方法，对一名五年级小学生进行了问卷调查、个别访谈和短期学习观察。研究结果表明，单元测试对小学生学习有正反拨作用，但在测试科目、小学生的学习态度和学习行为之间存在差异。本文探讨了这些差异的形成原因，并且对如何缩小这些差异、如何促进单元测试的正反拨作用提出了几点建议。

Abstract: Backwash refers to the extent to which the development and implementation of tests has an impact on language teachers and learners, prompting them to do things they would otherwise not do, thereby promoting or inhibiting language learning. This paper studied the backwash of unit test on learning with a descriptive research method. Data collected from a fifth grade pupil through questionnaire, interview and short-term learning observation. The results show that unit test has positive backwash on pupils’ learning, but it varies not only from subjects but also from their learning attitudes to their learning actions. The author explored the possible reasons for this existing gap and advanced suggestions to narrow the gap so as to promote its positive backwash of unit test in future practice.