基于FPGA的64通道超声相控阵系统设计及参数研究

The Design and Parameter Study of a 64-Channel Ultrasound Phased Array System Based on FPGA

摘要: 本研究提出了一种基于FPGA的64通道超声相控阵系统，旨在提高超声波束的精确控制和实时成像性能。该系统采用64个通道并行处理，通过FPGA实时计算每个通道的信号延迟和相位，从而实现超声波束的精准聚焦与扫描。系统硬件包括超声发射阵列、接收阵列、模拟前端模块(AFE)和数据处理单元，能够在多个通道间高效传输和处理信号。通过优化相位控制算法和数据传输路径，系统成功减少了信号处理的延迟，提高了响应速度和实时性。实验结果表明，系统具有良好的成像精度和较高的稳定性，能够在高噪声环境和长时间运行中保持较低的误差。图像分辨率达到0.5mm，聚焦深度精度为±1mm，成像清晰度为95%。此外，系统在响应速度和信噪比等方面表现优异，具备较高的抗干扰能力和快速成像能力。本研究为超声成像技术的发展提供了新的思路，具有广泛的应用前景，尤其在医疗诊断和物理治疗领域中具有重要的实际应用价值。

Abstract: This study proposes a 64-channel ultrasound phased array system based on FPGA, aimed at improving the precise control of ultrasound beams and real-time imaging performance. The system uses 64 channels for parallel processing, with FPGA performing real-time calculations for signal delay and phase adjustment on each channel, thereby achieving precise focusing and scanning of the ultrasound beam. The system hardware includes an ultrasound transmitting array, receiving array, analog front-end (AFE) module, and data processing unit, enabling efficient signal transmission and processing across multiple channels. By optimizing the phase control algorithm and data transmission paths, the system successfully reduces signal processing delay, enhancing response speed and real-time performance. Experimental results show that the system offers excellent imaging accuracy and high stability, maintaining low error rates even in high-noise environments and during extended operation. The image resolution reaches 0.5 mm, with a focusing depth accuracy of ±1 mm and imaging clarity at 95%. Additionally, the system demonstrates excellent performance in response speed and signal-to-noise ratio, with strong anti-interference capability and rapid imaging capabilities. This research provides new insights into the development of ultrasound imaging technology and holds broad application prospects, particularly in medical diagnostics and physical therapy, with significant practical value.