不同冷链工况对哈斯鳄梨品质的影响及其货架期预测模型验证

Impact of Different Cold Chain Conditions on the Quality of Hass Avocados and Validation of Shelf-Life Prediction Models

摘要: 鳄梨(Persea americana)，又名牛油果或油梨，因其独特的口感和丰富的营养价值而备受推崇。作为一种典型的呼吸跃变型水果，鳄梨在采后会经历显著的呼吸高峰，导致果实软化和品质下降。适宜的贮藏温度可以有效延缓这一过程，而不当的贮藏条件则会加速果实的腐烂。本研究旨在探索不同贮藏温度和冷链运输工况对哈斯鳄梨品质的影响，模拟现实生活中可能发生的冷链异常情况，包括冷链滞后和冷链断链。通过检测鳄梨果肉的失重率、干物质含量、抗氧化能力、抗坏血酸含量以及可溶性固形物含量等关键指标，探讨因冷链异常导致的内部品质变化情况。研究结果表明，冷链异常显著影响了鳄梨的品质，特别是冷链断链对果肉软化速度的影响最大。此外，本研究还关注了货架期预测模型的应用，以更精确地管理和优化鳄梨的冷链物流。初步测试显示，该模型能够较好地预测鳄梨在波动温度条件下的货架期，具有较高的准确度和实用性。研究结果为优化冷链运输管理、降低鳄梨在途损耗率提供了科学依据，并为提升鳄梨的保鲜效果和市场竞争力提供了参考。

Abstract: Avocado (Persea americana), also known as butter fruit or alligator pear, is highly esteemed for its distinctive texture and rich nutritional value. As a climacteric fruit, avocados experience a significant respiratory climax post-harvest, leading to fruit softening and quality decline. Appropriate storage temperatures can effectively delay this process, whereas improper storage conditions can accelerate fruit spoilage. This study aims to investigate the impact of different storage temperatures and cold chain transportation conditions on the quality of Hass avocados, simulating real-life cold chain anomalies such as cold chain lag and cold chain break. By measuring key indicators of the avocado pulp, including weight loss rate, dry matter content, antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid content, and soluble solids content, we explore the internal quality changes caused by cold chain anomalies. The results show that cold chain anomalies significantly affect the quality of avocados, with cold chain breaks having the most substantial impact on the speed of pulp softening. Additionally, this study focuses on the application of shelf-life prediction models to more accurately manage and optimize the cold chain logistics of avocados. Preliminary tests indicate that the model can predict the shelf life of avocados under fluctuating temperature conditions with high accuracy and practicality. The findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing cold chain transport management and reducing in-transit loss rates of avocados, offering references for enhancing their preservation effects and market competitiveness.