中岛敦《山月记》对唐传奇“人虎传”故事的接受与创新

Acceptance and Innovation of the Tang Dynasty Legend “Renhu Zhuan” Story in Nakajima Atsushi “Sangetsu Ki”

摘要: “李徵化虎”故事最初出自唐代张读的《宣室志》，后收录于宋朝李昉等人所编的《太平广记》，题名《李徵》，明朝《古今说海》和清朝《唐人说荟》中的“李徵化虎”基于《李徵》进行扩写，改名为《人虎传》。本文对比三大版本的“李徵化虎”故事，发现《李徵》中的李徵因狂疾化虎，带着唐朝文人“内心不安”、“仕隐情结”的特质，两版《人虎传》则在《李徵》的基础上增添情节，将主题思想转为因果论，这一扩写与明朝社会风潮有着莫大关系。日本作家中岛敦的《山月记》翻案于《唐人说荟》版“李徵化虎”的故事，中岛敦保留原典基本情节的同时，也做了内容的删减、添补、改写，赋予作品更深层次的内涵和现代特质，借唐传奇故事反映了在战争背景下部分日本知识分子的困境，让故事不再是一篇志怪传奇。

Abstract: The story of “Li Zheng becoming a tiger” originally came from “Xuanshi Annals” by Zhang Du in the Tang Dynasty, and later included in “Taiping Guangji” compiled by Li Fang and others in the Song Dynasty, entitled “Li Zheng”. The story in “Gujin Shuohai” in the Ming Dynasty and “Tang Ren Shuohui” in the Qing Dynasty was expanded based on “Li Zheng” and renamed “Renhu Zhuan”. This paper compares the three versions of the story of “Li Zheng becoming a tiger”, and finds that the hero in “Li Zheng” became a tiger because of crazy disease, with the characteristics of “inner insecurity” and the complex of being an official and retiring of the Tang Dynasty scholars, and the two editions of “Renhu Zhuan” add plots on the basis of “Li Zheng”, and turn the theme idea into causality theory, which has great relationship with the social trend of the Ming Dynasty. Japanese writer Nakajima Atsushi’s masterpiece, “Sangetsu Ki”, is adapted from the story of “Li Zheng becoming a tiger” in “Tang Ren Shuohui” edition. While retaining the basic plot of the original story, Nakajima Atsushi also deleted, supplemented, and rewrote the content, giving the work a deeper connotation and modern characteristics, using the legendary story of Tang to reflect the dilemma of some Japanese intellectuals under the background of war, making the story no longer a Zhiguai fiction.