汉语辩论话语中反问句的论辩功能与顺应性

Argumentation Functions and Adaptability of Rhetorical Questions in Mandarin Debating Discourse

摘要: 反问句受语境因素影响很大，但既有研究很少考察特定语境中反问句的论辩功能与顺应性。通过定性研究方法，本文以第十届世界华语辩论锦标赛自由辩为语料，结合图尔明模型和反问句的回应探讨了反问句在自由辩论中的论辩功能，以及基于顺应论分析了反问句使用的语用理据。本研究发现揭示了反问句具有设置情感价值陷阱、强化驳斥语气程度、诱发负面结果论断三种论辩功能；指出辩手使用反问句实现了常规认识、时代环境、权势关系和共通情感的顺应。本文揭示了反问句在论辩中的动态顺应，为辩手使用反问句论辩提供参考意义。

Abstract: Despite the significant impact of contextual factors on rhetorical questions, previous studies have paid little attention to argumentation functions and the adaptability of rhetorical questions in specific contexts. By drawing upon the qualitative method, the paper, on the basis of Toulmin’s Model and the responses to rhetorical questions, delves into argumentation functions of rhetorical questions employed in the free debates of the 10th World Mandarin Debating Championship. It then seeks to analyze pragmatic motivations underlying the use of rhetorical questions through Adaptation Theory. This study identifies three argumentation functions of rhetorical questions, comprised of setting emotional value traps, reinforcing refutation tone, and prompting negative judgments. Additionally, it demonstrates that the debater’s use of rhetorical questions achieves an alignment with conventional wisdom, contemporary circumstance, power relations, and shared emotions. This paper uncovers the dynamic adaptation of rhetorical questions in debates, thus offering reference significance for debaters utilizing rhetorical questions in argumentation.