湘西地区糖尿病患者流感疫苗的接种意愿及其影响因素研究

Study on the Willingness to Receive Influenza Vaccination and Its Influencing Factors among Diabetic Patients in Western Hunan

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在调查湘西地区糖尿病患者的流感疫苗接种意愿，并确定糖尿病患者接种流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。方法：本研究为单中心的横断面调查研究，于2022年10月~2023年4月在湘西州人民医院由医务人员对糖尿病患者通过问卷星平台发放结构化问卷，问卷包括糖尿病患者的社会人口学变量、糖尿病病史及个人健康行为及疫苗相关“知信行”等内容。采用卡方检验、二元logistic回归分析方法对所收集的数据统计分析。结果：最终纳入453份答卷，糖尿病患者愿意接种流感疫苗率为33.8%，通过二元logistic结果显示年龄、接种流感疫苗费用由医保支出、出现流感症状是否治疗、家人或朋友接种流感疫苗、以前接种过流感疫苗是糖尿病患者接种流感疫苗的主要影响因素。结论：湘西地区的糖尿病患者接种流感疫苗的意愿较低，应加强对糖尿病患者进行流感疫苗相关知识的健康教育，提高糖尿病患者流感疫苗接种率。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the willingness of diabetic patients in Xiangxi area to receive influenza vaccination and to determine the influencing factors of diabetic patients’ willingness to receive influenza vaccination. Methods: This study is a single-center cross-sectional survey. Between October 2022 and April 2023, medical staff at Xiangxi People’s Hospital distributed structured questionnaires to diabetic patients through the Wenjuxing platform. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables, diabetes history, personal health behaviors, and vaccine-related “knowledge, belief, and behavior” of diabetic patients. The collected data were statistically analyzed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis methods. Results: A total of 453 questionnaires were finally included, and the willingness of diabetic patients to receive influenza vaccination was 33.8%. The binary logistic results showed that age, the cost of influenza vaccination was paid by medical insurance, whether influenza symptoms were treated, family or friends received influenza vaccination, and previous influenza vaccination were the main influencing factors of diabetic patients receiving influenza vaccination. Conclusion: The willingness of diabetic patients to receive influenza vaccination in Xiangxi area is low. Health education on influenza vaccine-related knowledge should be strengthened for diabetic patients to improve the influenza vaccination rate of diabetic patients.