前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习
High-Grade B-cell Lymphoma of the Prostate: One Case Report and Literature Review
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2025.41104, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 田晶晶, 李 辉, 钟鹏伟, 廖 扬:吉首大学医学院,湖南 吉首;范诗秋*:吉首大学第一附属医院泌尿外科,湖南 吉首
关键词: 前列腺肿瘤高级别B细胞淋巴瘤历史文献Prostate Tumor High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Historical Literature
摘要: 目的:前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤较为罕见,本文回顾性分析1例前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,进一步探讨前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:回顾我院1例原发病灶在前列腺的一种具有侵袭性较强的非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床资料,分析其临床表现、实验室检查结果及诊治经过。结果:该患者血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA) < 4 μg/L,fPSA/tPSA > 0.15,B超提示前列腺增生,见钙化灶,未见明显结节病灶。组织病理学符合高级别B细胞淋巴瘤。结论:前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤实验室检查及B超检查特征性不强,对临床诊断价值有限,与前列腺相关疾病鉴别困难,确诊该病通常需借助于前列腺穿刺活检或手术后前列腺标本病检。
Abstract: Objective: High-grade B-cell Lymphoma of the Prostate is relatively rare. This article retrospectively analyzes the clinical data of a patient with high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate and further explores the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate. Methods: The clinical data of a case of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with the primary lesion in the prostate in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed, and its clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and diagnosis and treatment process were analyzed. Results: In this patient, the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was <4 μg/L, fPSA/tPSA > 0.15. Ultrasonography showed prostatic hyperplasia with calcification foci and no obvious nodular lesions. Histopathology was consistent with high grade B cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Laboratory tests and ultrasonography for high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate are not highly characteristic, have limited value for clinical diagnosis, and are difficult to differentiate from prostate related diseases. Diagnosis of this disease usually requires prostate biopsy or pathological examination of prostate specimens after surgery.
文章引用:田晶晶, 李辉, 钟鹏伟, 廖扬, 范诗秋. 前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2025, 4(1): 733-737. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2025.41104

1. 临床资料

患者,男性,83岁。因夜尿增多伴反复排尿困难半年余入院。既往无基础疾病、无肝脾大、无贫血等全身症状。直肠指检提示前列腺II˚肿大,质地硬,无压痛及结节,中央沟变浅、边界清、表面光滑,退出指检后手套无染血。血清前列腺特异性抗原tPSA:0.96 ng/ml、fPSA:0.35 ng/ml、f/t:0.36。泌尿系彩超及残余尿测定提示:1、前列腺增生(73 × 57 × 56 mm),前列腺钙化灶;2、膀胱残余尿量约92 ml,诊断考虑为良性前列腺增生。向患者及家属说明病情后其表示强烈要求行前列腺手术解决下尿路根梗阻症状,故2023年9月11日在腰麻下行经尿道前列腺剜除术。术后病检提示:(前列腺)镜下见中等及中等偏大细胞弥漫增生,结合免疫组化符合B细胞淋巴瘤,考虑高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(图1A图1B)。免疫组化:CK广(−)、P504S (−)、PSA (−)、CD20 (+)、PAX-5 (+)、CD5 (−)、CD3 (−)、CD23 (+)、CD21 (−)、CD10 (−)、Mum-1 (−)、BCL-2 (+)、BCL-6 (少量弱阳性)、Ki67 (90%+)、C-MYC (40%)、EBER (−)、CD30 (Ki-1) (−)。患者Ki-67染色90+%阳性,显示肿瘤的高增殖和侵袭性[1],告知相关病情及治疗方案后家属要求上级医院进一步诊治。

2. 讨论

淋巴瘤起源于淋巴结和淋巴组织,分为霍奇金病(HL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL) [2],其中NH较HL常见。其发生机制并不明确,可能与环境、遗传及病毒感染相关。据报道[3]原发性和继发性淋巴瘤浸润在肾脏高达4.9%,输尿管,膀胱高达0.2%,前列腺、阴茎或睾丸不到0.1%。淋巴瘤累及前列腺是少见的[4],无论是原发性结外淋巴瘤或继发于其他部位扩散至前列腺。前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma)是指一种通常具有侵袭性和快速进展特点的非霍奇金淋巴瘤(Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, NHL),其中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, DLBCL)最常见[5],属侵袭性较强的淋巴瘤,起源可能位于胸腺、乳腺、胃肠道等部位[5]。此外淋巴瘤根据起源[2]可分类:原发性前列腺淋巴瘤(起源于前列腺本身淋巴组织,病灶局限于前列腺区域,通常表现为独立的前列腺肿块)、继发性前列腺淋巴瘤(原发病灶不在前列腺,系转移病灶)。

绝大多数患者就诊时主要表现为膀胱刺激征、血尿、夜尿增多、排尿困难、急性尿潴留[6] [7]等非

A:4 × 10倍放大低倍镜下见前列腺组织内散在异形细胞弥漫生长,细胞间缺乏粘附性;B. 40 × 10倍放大高倍镜下见细胞中等偏大,圆形,椭圆形,多角形,细胞异型性明显,可见坏死核分裂象;C. 40 × 10倍放大,免疫组化CD20肿瘤细胞弥漫阳性;D. 40 × 10倍放大,免疫组化Ki-67肿瘤细胞高表达。

Figure 1. Post-operative pathology shows high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate

1. 术后病理示前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤

特异性症状[8],而淋巴瘤的特异性症状[9]如发热或不明原因持续发热或周期性发热、盗汗、体重减轻、瘙痒、消瘦、无痛性进行性淋巴结肿大、局部肿块等很少见[10] [11],其次前列腺恶性淋巴瘤的PSA的数值大多数在正常范围内[12],少数病例PSA会有升高,但与前列腺癌PSA升高相比不明显。前列腺淋巴瘤B超表现:1、前列腺体积增大,多发低回声病灶,血流信号丰富;2、回声均匀一致,无明显边界,符合浸润性生长表现。Bostwick和Mann [13]提出了原发性前列腺淋巴瘤的诊断标准:1) 肿瘤局限;2) 未累及周围淋巴结;3) 仅表现为前列腺相关临床症状;4) 随访观察期间至少 > 30 d,未累及其他部位。确诊该病需前列腺穿刺活检或术后前列腺标本病检,前列腺弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤组织学上常表现为无黏附性的大细胞或中等偏大的肿瘤细胞弥漫性浸润前列腺组织,其细胞质丰富,细胞核多形性明显,可见核仁,常可见病理性核分裂象,其免疫表型常提示CD20阳性[14]。本病例患者主要症状为夜尿增多,伴反复排尿困难,且血清PSA正常,与前列腺恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现及PSA相符合,但该患者B超提示前列腺增生,无多发低回声病灶,未见明显结节病灶,基本排除前列腺癌,且与前列腺淋巴瘤B超表现不符,故该患者术前未行前列腺穿刺活检及前列MRI等进一步检查,所以由此可见前列腺恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现很难与其他引起下尿路梗阻症状的前列腺相关疾病等相互区分[4] [6] [8]。患者术后病理(见图1)提示前列腺组织内散在异形细胞弥漫生长,细胞间缺乏粘附性,高倍镜下见细胞中等偏大,圆形,椭圆形,多角形,细胞异型性明显,可见坏死核分裂象,免疫组化CD20肿瘤细胞弥漫阳性,这与前列腺弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤病理检查完全一致,故确诊前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤。

现在PET-CT,MRI等技术的发展对前列腺淋巴瘤的诊治发挥了重要作用。18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像:1) 可以观察到病变部位的大小和氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)的代谢状况;2) 可以全方位观察淋巴瘤累及的范围及其他脏器受累情况;3) 可以评估化疗效果,根据疗效调整治疗方案[15]。前列腺淋巴瘤在MRI上缺乏特异性的表现,在T1WI上主要表现为等或略低信号,T2WI为稍高信号,较其他前列腺恶性肿瘤信号低,DWI一般呈明显高信号,增强扫描时大多数为轻中度均匀延迟强化,当肿瘤较大时中心可出现坏死无强化区[16]

鉴于目前的文献报道,现治疗前列腺淋巴瘤主要包括手术治疗、化疗、放疗及放化疗联合治疗,仅选择放疗属罕见[2],手术切除前列腺可改善患者排尿症状,但对提高预后生存期无益,同时如果病灶局限可行根前列腺切除术。DLBCL的标准治疗[17]包括利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱和泼尼松龙(R-CHOP),其中对于CD20阳性的B细胞淋巴瘤患者可用CD20单抗(利妥昔单抗与CHOP有协同效应,能提高淋巴瘤细胞对化疗的敏感性[18])。R-CHOP化疗联合或不联合放疗是前列腺大B细胞淋巴瘤的推荐治疗方法[19]

3. 总结

前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤作为一种少见并具有挑战性的疾病,治疗方案需结合患者的临床特征和病理学表现进行综合全面评估。其中Bostwick和Mann11报道了他们对62例PPL患者的长期随访观察,显示1、2和5年生存率分别为64%、50%和33% [6]。Ghose [20]等12认为PPL的预后与组织学类型和肿瘤分期有关。由于仅纳入1例病例,因此需更多的前列腺淋巴瘤病例进行进一步的研究及随访,以提升对前列腺淋巴瘤的诊治水平和患者的生存率。

严正申明

该病例报道已获得病人的知情同意。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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