外泌体miRNA在肝细胞癌诊断及治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomal miRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

摘要: 目的：探讨外泌体miRNA在肝细胞癌诊断和治疗中的应用潜力。方法：分析外泌体miRNA作为生物标志物的稳定性与非侵入性检测优势，并研究其在肝癌发生、发展及预后中的作用，同时评估其调控肝癌细胞生物学行为的能力及作为药物递送载体的潜力。结果：特定外泌体miRNA表达水平变化与肝癌密切相关，可为早期诊断、临床分期和病理类型判断提供依据。调节特定miRNA表达能影响肝癌细胞增殖、凋亡、转移和免疫逃逸，为治疗提供新靶点。外泌体作为药物载体可提高药物稳定性和生物利用度。结论：尽管外泌体miRNA在肝癌诊断和治疗中展现出巨大潜力，但仍面临提取纯化复杂、靶基因调控机制不明等挑战。未来需深入研究以开发更灵敏特异的诊断标志物，并探索个体化治疗方案，以期提高肝癌治疗效果。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the potential application of exosomal miRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: To analyze the stability and non-invasive detection advantages of exosomal miRNA as a biomarker, and to study its role in hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence, development and prognosis, and to evaluate its ability to regulate the biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its potential as a drug delivery carrier. Results: Changes in exosomal miRNA expression levels are closely related to hepatocellular carcinoma, which can provide a basis for early diagnosis, clinical staging and judgment of pathological types. The regulation of specific miRNA expression can affect the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, providing new targets for treatment. Exosomes as drug carriers can improve drug stability and bioavailability. Conclusion: Although exosomal miRNAs show great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, they still face the challenges of complicated extraction and purification, and unknown regulatory mechanisms of target genes. In the future, in-depth studies are needed to develop more sensitive and specific diagnostic markers and to explore individualized therapeutic regimens in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma.