HER-2表达状态在HER-2阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的疗效相关研究
Study on the Efficacy of HER-2 Expression in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.152526, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 于伟康*, 刘祖格*:青岛大学青岛医学院,山东 青岛;吴 琍#:青岛大学附属医院乳腺外科,山东 青岛
关键词: HER-2乳腺癌新辅助化疗pCRHER-2 Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy pCR
摘要: 目的:调查HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中,不同的HER-2表达水平对新辅助化疗疗效的影响以及与患者临床病理特征的关系。方法:采集青岛大学附属医院乳腺病诊疗中心于2017年1月~2024年1月在我院确诊乳腺癌并接受新辅助化疗的HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者共164例。将HER-2阴性乳腺癌分为HER-2(0)和HER-2 low两组,分析其临床病理学特征及其与新辅助化疗疗效存在的联系。结果:164例HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中,总pCR (病理完全缓解)率达到17.1%。HER-2 low乳腺癌患者的pCR率为11.5%,低于HER-2(0)乳腺癌患者的33.3%,其差异有统计学意义(P = 0.001)。同时还发现组织学分级、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的状态以及ki-67水平均可能与新辅助化疗疗效相关(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,组织学分级(OR为3.807,95%CI为1.347~10.758,P = 0.012)和HER-2表达状态(OR为0.380,95%CI为0.146~0.998,P = 0.047)可独立预测pCR,此结论可用于HER-2阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗。结论:HER-2表达状态的不同可以显著影响HER-2阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效,且HER-2表达状态与组织学分级是pCR的独立预测因子,可共同指导新辅助化疗。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of different HER-2 expression levels on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the relationship with clinicopathological features of patients with HER-2 negative breast cancer. Methods: A total of 164 patients with HER-2 negative breast cancer who were diagnosed with breast cancer and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to January 2024 were collected. Her-2 negative breast cancer was divided into two groups, HER-2(0) and HER-2 low, and the clinicopathological features of HER-2 negative breast cancer and its relationship with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: In 164 patients with HER-2 negative breast cancer, the total pCR rate reached 17.1%. The pCR rate in patients with HER-2 low breast cancer was 11.5%, lower than 33.3% in patients with HER-2(0) breast cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). It was also found that the status of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and ki-67 level may be related to the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that histological grade (OR 3.807, 95%CI 1.347~10.758, P = 0.012) and HER-2 expression status (OR 0.380, 95%CI 0.146~0.998, P = 0.047) could independently predict pCR. This conclusion can be used for neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER-2 negative breast cancer. Conclusion: The difference of HER-2 expression status can significantly affect the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER-2 negative breast cancer, and HER-2 expression status and histological grade are independent predictors of pCR, which can jointly guide neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
文章引用:于伟康, 刘祖格, 吴琍. HER-2表达状态在HER-2阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的疗效相关研究[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(2): 1690-1696. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.152526

1. 介绍

相关研究显示,侵袭力强、生存期短,复发风险高是HER-2阳性的乳腺癌患者所拥有的生物学特征[1]。因此在以往的研究中往往把HER-2阳性乳腺癌纳入研究重点,随着曲妥珠和帕妥珠单抗的应用此类患者已经获得了显著的生存获益[2]。但是HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者,在新辅助化疗疗效和长期预后方面,都不能从抗HER-2治疗中获得任何益处。随着近年新型抗HER-2抗体药物家族(恩美曲妥珠单抗T-DM1和德曲妥珠单抗T-Dxd)的出现[3] [4]。HER-2 low患者的靶向治疗之路渐渐迎来了曙光。HER-2 low肿瘤表现为低水平的HER-2表达(IHC 1+/2+,FISH阴性),传统意义上被认为不适合使用抗HER-2靶向药物。然而,德曲妥珠单抗等新型抗HER-2抗体药物共轭物的出现对这一观点提出了挑战[5]。目前,较多研究使用免疫组织化学(IHC)方法通过对HER-2蛋白过表达进行评价并利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)对HER-2基因扩增水平测定从而明确HER-2表达状态[6]。将HER-2阴性乳腺癌分为HER-2(0)和HER-2 low两组,HER-2 low乳腺癌(定义为IHC 1+/2+,FISH阴性)可通过标准化IHC鉴定为乳腺癌的新型亚组,有区别于HER-2(0)肿瘤,具有其相对特殊的生物学特性和治疗方法[3]。因此,必须将HER-2 low患者从HER-2阴性患者中独立出来。目前很少有研究表明HER-2表达状态是否会影响HER-2阴性患者的预后。需要对HER-2 low患者进行更多的生存分析与随访,以更好地指导该患者群体的临床实践。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

收集传统分型HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者于2017年1月~2024年1月在青岛大学附属医院乳腺病诊疗中心接受新辅助化疗的164例临床数据。患者年龄为20~75岁,平均50.4岁。所有患者在手术前均接受基于蒽环类和紫杉烷类药物的新辅助化疗,并使用pCR这一指标衡量对新辅助化疗的反应。本研究得到了医院内部伦理审查委员会认可。纳入标准:(1) 我院空心针穿刺活检确诊为乳腺癌,经IHC确认HER-2阴性表达;(2) 全程接受6~8周期新辅助化疗并于我院行规范手术治疗;(3) 患者临床资料完整。排除标准:(1) 男性乳腺癌及双乳癌患者;(2) 合并其他严重并发症和恶性肿瘤;(3) 已接受任何其他形式的抗肿瘤治疗;(4) 已发生远处转移。

2.2. 患者特征

通过电子病例系统查询收集患者的临床病例资料,包括年龄、肿瘤大小(T分期)、腋窝淋巴结转移、组织学分级、雌激素受体(ER)表达、孕激素受体(PR)表达、HER-2表达、ki-67表达、及新辅助化疗疗效(pCR)等。本研究将HER-2阴性定义为IHC结果显示HER-2为0/1+/(2+,FISH阴性)。以此将传统HER-2阴性乳腺癌分为HER-2 low组和HER-2(0)组。HER-2 low定义为IHC显示HER-2为1+或HER-2为2+且FISH阴性,HER-2(0)定义为IHC 0。1%被设置为ER和PR“阴性”和“阳性”之间的临界指数。本研究将ER < 1%和PR < 1%定为阴性患者[7]。当染色细胞百分比 < 30%时,ki-67定义为低表达,当≥30%时定义为高表达。新辅助化疗后pCR的评估标准中临床指标主要根据实体瘤疗效评价标准RECIST1.1进行评估,病理指标的评估主要采用Miller-Payne (MP)评估系统。MP评估系统共分为5级:G1为浸润癌细胞基本无改变,或仅少量改变;G2为浸润癌细胞轻度减少 < 30%;G3为浸润癌细胞减少为30%~90%;G4为浸润癌细胞显著减少 ≥ 90%;G5为原肿瘤瘤床部位未发现浸润癌细胞,但可有原位癌的存在。本研究将MP分级进行分组:G5 = pCR,G1~G4 = non-pCR;RCB分级进行分组:0级 = pCR,I级~III级 = non-pCR。

2.3. 治疗方案

化疗方案:依据CSCO诊疗指南,基于蒽环类药物(阿霉素、表柔比星或多柔比星脂质体)和紫杉醇类药物(白蛋白紫杉醇)制定新辅助化疗方案联合或不联合铂类及细胞毒性药物。规律完成4~8周期化疗。手术方案:由主诊医师依据诊疗指南结合患者意愿决定,包括但不限于改良根治性乳房切除术、保乳手术、乳房重建手术等,绝大多数患者的手术方法是改良根治性乳房切除术,这可能与大多数局部晚期乳腺癌患者有关。

2.4. 统计分析

数据统计分析采用SPSS25.0软件。采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法分析HER-2 low组和HER-2(0)组与患者临床病理因素的关系以及与pCR的关系。多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析的方式进行,从而确定HER-2阴性乳腺癌取得pCR的独立影响因子。P < 0.05被认为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. HER-2 Low和HER-2(0)患者临床病理特征之间的关系

在HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中,根据HER-2的IHC表达(0、1+、2+),将患者分为HER-2 low和HER-2(0),以此确定两个亚组临床病理特征的差异。与HER-2(0)患者相比,HER-2 low患者具有较低的T分期(P = 0.028)、较少的腋窝淋巴结转移(P = 0.033)、较低的组织学分级(P = 0.003)以及较多的ER、PR阳性患者(P < 0.001)。见表1

Table 1. HER-2 low and HER-2(0) clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients (n)

1. HER-2 low和HER-2(0)乳腺癌患者临床病理特征(n)

临床指标

n

HER-2 0

(n = 42)

HER-2 low

(n = 122)

P

年龄(岁)

0.063

0.802

<50

73

18

55

≥50

91

24

67

月经状态

0.526

0.468

未绝经

86

20

66

已绝经

78

22

56

T分期

4.837

0.028

T1 + T2

129

28

101

T3

35

14

21

腋窝淋巴结

4.522

0.033

阴性

26

11

15

阳性

138

31

107

组织学分级

8.540

0.003

I + II

131

27

104

III

33

15

18

ER表达

12.577

0.001

阴性

47

21

26

阳性

117

21

96

PR表达

8.441

0.001

阴性

55

23

32

阳性

109

19

90

ki-67表达

2.755

0.097

<30%

52

9

43

≥30%

112

33

79

3.2. HER-2 Low和HER-2(0)患者与pCR的关系

研究发现,在164例HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中,总pCR率达到17.1%。通过单因素分析确定组织学分级、ER、PR、HER-2表达、ki-67可能是影响乳腺癌患者达到pCR的因素。组织学分级高、ER阳性、PR阳性、HER-2(0)、ki-67 ≥ 30%的患者达到pCR的可能性相对更大。见表2。在多因素二元Logistic回归分析中加入差异有统计学意义的变量,发现组织学分级、HER-2表达状态对pCR有显著影响,组织学分级(OR为3.807,95%CI为1.347~10.758,P = 0.012)和HER-2表达状态(OR为0.380,95%CI为0.146~0.998,P = 0.047)为新辅助化疗获得pCR的独立预测因子。见表3

Table 2. Influence of clinicopathological features on pCR in patients with HER-2 negative breast cancer (n (%))

2. HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者临床病理学特征对pCR的影响(n(%))

临床指标

n

pCR

(n = 28)

non-pCR

(n = 136)

X2

P

年龄(岁)

1.058

0.304

<50

73

10 (13.7)

63 (86.3)

≥50

91

18 (19.8)

73 (80.2)

月经状态

0.017

0.895

未绝经

86

15 (17.4)

71 (82.6)

已绝经

78

13 (16.7)

65 (83.3)

临床分期

0.244

0.621

T1 + T2

129

23 (17.8)

106 (82.2)

T3

35

5 (14.3)

30 (85.7)

腋窝淋巴结

0.363

0.547

阴性

26

6 (23.1)

20 (76.9)

阳性

138

22 (15.9)

116 (84.1)

组织学分级

18.753

0.001

I + II

131

14 (10.7)

117 (89.3)

III

33

14 (42.4)

19 (57.6)

ER表达

5.215

0.022

阴性

47

13 (27.7)

34 (72.3)

阳性

117

15 (12.8)

102 (87.2)

PR表达

8.441

0.004

阴性

55

16 (29.1)

39 (70.9)

阳性

109

12 (11.0)

97 (89.0)

HER-2表达

10.543

0.001

HER-2 0

42

14 (33.3)

28 (66.7)

HER-2 low

122

14 (11.5)

108 (88.5)

ki-67表达

4.733

0.030

<30%

52

4 (7.7)

48 (92.3)

≥30%

112

24 (21.4)

88 (78.6)

Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of effects of pCR on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer

3. 影响乳腺癌新辅助化疗pCR的多因素logistic回归分析

临床病理特征

P值

OR (95%CI)

组织学分级

0.012

3.807 (1.347~10.758)

ER

0.569

1.473 (0.389~5.585)

PR

0.298

0.503 (0.138~1.836)

HER-2表达

0.047

0.380 (0.146-0.988)

ki-67

0.391

1.706 (0.503~5.782)

4. 讨论

临床实践当中,HER-2 low乳腺癌患者在HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中占比较大[8]。但是对这类人群目前还没有一个清晰的认知。近年来,HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者的靶向治疗随着新型抗HER-2靶向药物的研发而曙光初现。先前的研究显示,HER-2 low乳腺癌可能是具有不同临床特性和生物学特点的新兴疾病群体。因此我们需要找寻更多关于HER-2 low乳腺癌的数据来发现其独特的生物学特性。研究分析了两种乳腺癌患者HER-2 low和HER-2(0)的临床病理特征。研究结果显示,74.4%的患者是HER-2 low表达患者,25.6%的患者是HER-2(0)表达患者,这一结果与之前的一些研究结果类似[8] [9]。患者的T分期、腋窝淋巴结转移、组织学分级以及ER、PR状态均存在统计学意义。尽管目前的发现与之前研究一致,即HER-2 low乳腺癌与HER-2(0)具有不同的临床病理特征,但对具体表现尚未达成共识。

这一研究还对影响HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗疗效的因素进行了分析讨论。HER-2 low乳腺癌患者的pCR率较HER-2(0)乳腺癌患者低,且组织学分级、ER状态、PR状态、ki-67表达均可能与pCR相关,该差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示组织学分级、HER-2表达是pCR的独立预测因子。组织学分级越高以及HER-2(0)的患者更易达到pCR。当然,也有相关研究显示HER-2 low患者与HER-2(0)组之间的pCR率并没有非常显著的差异体现[10]。因此在新辅助化疗的背景下,HER-2 low乳腺癌患者是否能作为独立个体去治疗值得进一步研究。

HER-2 low患者与HER-2阳性患者相似,往往肿瘤体积大、组织学分级高、增殖率高、淋巴结转移比例大[11],HER-2过表达是促进化疗耐药的重要因素[12],因此相对于HER-2(O)患者来说,HER-2 low患者更易化疗耐药,因此其新辅助化疗的疗效也大大下降。已有多项研究显示,HER-2 low乳腺癌患者在长期生存、预后方面优于HER-2(0)的患者。但相较于HER-2(0)患者,HER-2 low患者的pCR率相对较低。有相关研究发现,在HR阴性患者中,HER-2 low患者比HER-2(0)患者预后更好[13] [14],但其新辅助化疗的疗效相对更差[15]。HER-2 low患者的总生存期(OS)明显优于HER-2(0)患者[16]。并且在最近发表的两项荟萃分析还表明,在早期三阴性乳腺癌患者中,与HER-2(0)患者相比,HER-2 low患者与延长其无病生存率(DFS)和总生存期(OS)相关[3]。新型抗HER-2靶向药物例如T-Dxd [17] [18]等在HER-2 low晚期乳腺癌抗HER-2治疗中已发挥了重要的作用,同时为HER-2 low乳腺癌患者的新辅助化疗方案提供了更多的选择。本研究对于HER-2 low与HER-2(0)表达乳腺癌患者临床病理相关因素及新辅助化疗效果进行了详细的调查分析。

本研究属于回顾性研究,且样本量相对较小,研究结果存在偏移。并且因患者术后治疗方案对远期生存有一定影响,因此未进行生存状态的随访。同时目前的众多研究对于HER-2状态的检测有诸多不同[19],对我们的研究结论也可能存在一定程度的影响。

NOTES

*共同第一作者。

#通讯作者。

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