围绝经期及绝经后期女性代谢综合征健康管理与治疗

Health Management and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

摘要: 代谢综合征(MS)是一个包括中心性肥胖、血糖、血脂及血压异常的多症候群综合征，实质是心血管疾病危险因素的聚集，可增加心血管疾病和心源性猝死的风险。围绝经期及绝经后期是女性从性成熟过渡到老年期的特殊阶段，女性随着卵巢功能的进行性衰退，性激素发生一系列变化，导致内分泌和代谢紊乱，血管、肌肉等多种组织细胞在结构上和功能上出现异常，使机体易患各种代谢性疾病。目前国内外研究尚未明确围绝经期及绝经后代谢综合征的发生机制，可能与卵巢激素变化、炎症因子影响、基因调控等相关。围绝经期及绝经后期代谢综合征防治原则为综合干预及个体化治疗，其目的为提升该时期女性生活质量，预防心血管疾病，使其有尊严、有质量地度过该特殊时期。目前，治疗性生活方式改变、降压降脂降糖及激素替代治疗可以一定程度上对围绝经期及绝经后期女性代谢综合征所致心血管等危害起到防治作用。

Abstract: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a multi-symptom complex syndrome that includes central obesity, abnormal blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Its essence is the aggregation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are special stages for women transitioning from sexual maturity to old age. As women experience a progressive decline in ovarian function, a series of changes occur in sex hormones, leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders. Various tissue cells, such as blood vessels and muscles, exhibit abnormalities in structure and function, making the body prone to various metabolic diseases. Current research both domestically and internationally has not yet clearly defined the mechanism of metabolic syndrome during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. It may be related to changes in ovarian hormones, the influence of inflammatory factors, and gene regulation. The principles of prevention and treatment for metabolic syndrome during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are comprehensive intervention and individualized treatment, with the aim of improving the quality of life for women during this period, preventing cardiovascular disease, and enabling them to pass through this special period with dignity and quality. Currently, therapeutic lifestyle changes, blood pressure and lipid-lowering, blood sugar reduction, and hormone replacement therapy can, to some extent, play a role in preventing and treating the cardiovascular and other harms caused by metabolic syndrome in perimenopausal women.