国家级集中连片特殊困难地区土地利用与生态敏感性演变特征的长期评估

Long-Term Assessment of Land Use and Ecological Sensitivity Dynamics in National Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Areas

摘要: 国土空间变化与生态敏感性分析是地区制定生态修复空间分区规划、确保生态系统服务可持续性供给的基础和前提。本研究聚焦于贵州省的国家级集中连片特殊困难地区，通过定量分析土地利用类型的空间分布、变化趋势及转移路径，并结合单因子与综合生态敏感性指标，对典型连片特殊困难区域生态风险进行了全面、系统的评估。研究发现，2000~2010年间，该地区耕地和建设用地面积增加，而灌木和草地面积减少；但2010~2020年间，耕地面积减少，林地面积增加。生态风险评估揭示了贵州连片特殊困难区的生态敏感性普遍较高，主要分布在从中度到极度敏感的区间。驱动因素分析进一步揭示了LUCC在影响生态敏感性中的主导地位。基于这些综合敏感性评价结果，我们强调对于高敏感和极高敏感区域，应采取合理的土地利用和生态保护措施，以减少人为干扰和破坏，确保生态系统的健康。对于生态敏感性较低的区域，则建议加强生态管理和环境保护工作。此外，本研究还强调了石漠化治理和水土流失防护的重要性，以及在自然条件较差的区域加强植被生态修复工作的必要性。

Abstract: The analysis of land spatial changes and ecological sensitivity is the foundation and primary step for regional development of ecological restoration spatial zoning plans and ensuring the sustainable supply of ecosystem services. This study focuses on national contiguous poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou Province. By quantitatively analyzing the spatial distribution, change trends, and transfer paths of land use types and combining single factor and comprehensive ecological sensitivity indicators, a comprehensive and systematic assessment of regional ecological risks of typical contiguous poverty-stricken areas was conducted. Research has found that between 2000 and 2010, the area of arable land and construction land in the region increased, while the area of shrubs and grasslands decreased. But between 2010 and 2020, the area of arable land decreased, and the area of forest land increased. The ecological risk assessment revealed that the ecological sensitivity of contiguous poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou is generally high, mainly distributed in the range of moderate to extreme sensitivity. The analysis of driving factors further revealed the dominant role of LUCC in influencing ecological sensitivity. Based on these comprehensive sensitivity evaluation results, we emphasize that for highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas, reasonable land use and ecological protection measures should be taken to reduce human interference and damage and ensure the health of the ecosystem. For areas with low ecological sensitivity, it is recommended to strengthen ecological management and environmental protection work. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of desertification control and soil erosion prevention, as well as the necessity of increasing vegetation ecological restoration work in areas with poor natural conditions.