翻译改写理论视角下《进化论与伦理学》汉译研究

A Study on the Chinese Translations of Evolution and Ethics from the Perspective of Lefevere’s Rewriting Theory

摘要: 本文从文化转向视角出发，运用勒菲弗尔改写理论，对《进化论与伦理学》的三个主要汉译本(严复译本、1971年科学出版社译本及2010年北京大学出版社译本)进行了系统比较分析。研究通过分析翻译中的意识形态、诗学及赞助因素，揭示了不同历史时期社会文化背景对译本的影响。本研究发现，严复译本以文言文形式深受晚清维新思想影响，旨在通过传播科学思想推动社会改革；科学出版社译本反映了社会主义建设时期的教育需求，注重知识普及和意识形态批判；北京大学出版社译本则侧重于传递科学精神与理性方法，体现了现代翻译理论的发展。研究表明，不同时代的文化语境在翻译实践中扮演了关键角色，影响了译者的选择与策略，也影响了读者对译本的接受度。

Abstract: From the perspective of the cultural turn and using Lefevere’s rewriting theory, this paper systematically compares and analyzes three major Chinese translations of Evolution and Ethics, which are Yan Fu’s version, the 1971 Science Press edition, and the 2010 Peking University Press edition. By examining ideological, poetic, and patronage factors in translation, the study reveals the impact of different socio-cultural contexts in various historical periods on the translated works. The findings indicate that Yan Fu’s translation, written in classical Chinese, was deeply influenced by the reformist thought of the late Qing Dynasty, aiming to promote social reform by disseminating scientific ideas. The Science Press edition reflects the educational needs of the socialist construction era, emphasizing knowledge dissemination and ideological critique. The Peking University Press edition focuses on conveying the spirit of science and rational methodology, showcasing the development of modern translation theories. This research demonstrates that the cultural context of each era played a pivotal role in translation practices, shaping the translator’s choices and strategies as well as influencing reader reception of the translated works.