小分子物质促进间充质干细胞神经向分化的研究进展

Advances in Small Molecules Promoting Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

摘要: 间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种具有自我更新能力的细胞，这些细胞具有多项分化能力，且这些细胞表现出多种特征，如它们的分泌作用、向病变区域的迁移和免疫调节潜力，使它们成为神经退行性疾病细胞治疗的候选者。大量研究表明间充质干细胞可以经过刺激后分化为神经元。然而，尽管直接将原始且未分化的间充质干细胞移植到神经退行性疾病动物模型的多项试验取得了积极的结果，但一些研究表明，若在间充质干细胞移植治疗之前，应用组织工程学技术刺激间充质干细胞向神经元谱系分化，可以增强其获得的治疗效果。诱导间充质干细胞神经向分化的方法有多种，包括化学物质、生长因子、与神经谱系细胞共培养、基因转染、miRNA等，其中化学物质中小分子物质的效果尤为突出，采用一种或某几种小分子物质的组合可高效快捷地诱导间充质干细胞向神经向分化。因此，文章将论述回顾以往小分子物质促进间充质干细胞向神经系统细胞分化的研究进展，以为其应用于临床神经退行性疾病间充质干细胞治疗的研究提供基础。

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal capacity, exhibit multiple differentiation potentials, and demonstrate key characteristics such as a secretory role, lesion-site migration, and immunomodulatory potential, rendering them strong candidates for neurodegenerative disease therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSCs can be effectively stimulated to differentiate into neurons. While positive results have been observed in studies directly transplanting primitive, undifferentiated MSCs into animal models of neurodegenerative disease, evidence suggests that preconditioning MSCs through tissue engineering techniques to induce neuronal differentiation can significantly enhance their therapeutic effects. Various strategies, such as chemical substances, growth factors, co-culture with neural cells, gene transfection, and miRNA, can induce the neural differentiation of MSCs. Among these, small molecules derived from chemical substances are particularly effective, as they efficiently and rapidly induce the neural differentiation of MSCs, either alone or in combination. This review aims to analyze advancements in the use of small molecules to promote MSC differentiation into neural cells, providing insights into their potential applications in MSC-based therapies for clinical neurodegenerative diseases.