基于并联型流道结构的方壳电池模组浸没式冷却建模与仿真分析

Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Immersion Cooling of Square Shell Battery Module Based on Parallel Flow Channel Structure

摘要: 浸没式冷却是一种高效的冷却方法，然而方壳电池因结构特征问题容易导致冷却液产生流动死区，进而导致有关方壳电池的浸没式冷却研究较少。为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一种由5节116 Ah方壳电池平行并列分布，基于上下交错式曲线型流动的并联分流浸没式冷却热管理系统。通过相关的建模软件建立电池模组的几何模型，并论述了电池模组以2C倍率放电以及基于浸没式冷却方式散热的数值仿真过程，整个仿真在Ansys Fluent中进行。还研究了并联流动下的温度分布、流量分配和压力分布情况。仿真结果表明，电池的最高温度低于37℃，模组内部的最大温差低于1.2℃。因此，所提出的浸没式冷却热管理系统具有高效的降温能力和提高温度一致性的能力，对方壳电池的浸没式冷却系统设计具有重要参考意义。

Abstract: Immersion cooling is an efficient cooling method. However, due to structural characteristics of square-shell batteries, it is easy to cause flow dead zones in the coolant, which in turn results in less research on immersion cooling of square-shell batteries. In order to solve this problem, this article proposes a parallel split-flow immersion cooling thermal management system consisting of five 116 Ah square-shell batteries distributed in parallel and based on up and down staggered curved flow. The geometric model of the battery module was established through relevant modeling software, and the numerical simulation process of the battery module discharging at a 2C rate and dissipating heat based on immersion cooling was discussed. The entire simulation was performed in Ansys Fluent. The temperature distribution, flow distribution and pressure distribution under parallel flow were also studied. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of the battery is lower than 37˚C, and the maximum temperature difference inside the module is lower than 1.2˚C. Therefore, the proposed immersion cooling thermal management system has efficient cooling capabilities and the ability to improve temperature consistency, and has important reference significance for the design of immersion cooling systems for square-shell batteries.