高原山地风能资源评估——以云南通海五垴山风电场为例

Evaluation of Wind Energy Resources in Plateau Mountainous—A Case Study of Wunao Mountain Wind Farm in Tonghai, Yunnan Province

摘要: 风能资源是重要的可再生清洁能源，风能资源评估是风电场建设的重要环节和前提条件。利用云南通海五垴山风电场的2个测风塔资料，分析了五垴山风电场各高度层的风速、风功率密度的月际和日变化、风速和风能频率分布、风向及风能玫瑰图、风切变指数、湍流强度、风况参数等。结果表明，五垴山风电场1~4月风速、风功率密度较大，7~11月风速、风功率密度较小，具有明显的两季风特征。五垴山风电场70 m高度有效风速频率分布集中在3.5 m/s~13.4 m/s之间，有效风速时间集中在7750~7990 h之间。风能密度方向集中在W~SSW之间，有利于减少风机偏航操作。五垴山风电场湍流强度属于中等。五垴山风电场2个测风塔70 m高度风功率密度分别为265 W/m²和160 W/m²，属风能资源丰富区和次丰富区。五垴山风电场在海拔2250 m以上高度范围内具备一定的工程开发价值。五垴山风电场雷暴发生频率较高，应注意防范雷电灾害的影响。通过五垴山风电场风能资源评估，佐证了云南复杂地形条件下，山地风电场选址与风能资源评估的特殊性和多样性，对山地风能资源评估有较好的示范作用。

Abstract: Wind energy resource is an important renewable and clean energy, and wind energy resource evaluation is an important link and prerequisite for wind farm construction. Based on the data of two wind measuring towers in Wunao Mountain wind farm in Tonghai, Yunnan Province, the intermonthly and diurnal variations of wind speed, wind power density, frequency distribution of wind speed and wind energy, wind direction and wind rose chart, wind shear index, turbulence intensity and wind condition parameters of Wunao Mountain wind farm at different levels were analyzed. The results show that the wind speed and power density of Wunao Mountain wind farm are larger from January to April, and smaller from July to November, with obvious two-seasonal winds variation characteristics. The frequency distribution of effective wind speed at 70 m height in Wunao Mountain wind farm is concentrated between 3.5 m/s and 13.4 m/s, and the effective wind speed time is concentrated between 7750 and 7990 h. The wind energy density direction is concentrated between W and SSW, which is conducive to reducing the fan yaw operation. The turbulence intensity of Wunao Mountain wind farm is medium. The wind power density of the two wind measurement towers at 70 m height is 265 W/m² and 160 W/m² respectively, belonging to the rich and sub-rich areas of wind energy resources. Wunao Mountain wind power farm has certain engineering development value in the altitude range above 2250 m. The frequency of thunderstorms in Wunao Mountain wind farm is high, so attention should be paid to preventing the impact of lightning disasters. Through the wind energy resource evaluation of Wunao Mountain wind farm, the particularity and diversity of the site selection and wind energy resource evaluation of mountain wind power farm in Yunnan province under complex terrain conditions are confirmed, and it has a good demonstration role for the evaluation of mountain wind energy resources.