临界尺寸骨缺损动物模型的研究进展

Research Advances in Animal Models of Critical-Size Bone Defects

摘要: 骨质疏松、严重创伤、骨肿瘤及骨感染等导致的临界尺寸骨缺损(critical-size bone defects, CSD)给许多患者造成了严重影响，CSD的修复及后续的临床转归一直是骨科医师面临的重要难题。随着临床新技术的发展及骨组织生物材料的新兴，各种临床技术与药物及骨组织材料联合治疗CSD的研究层出不穷，由于伦理要求，各种技术及其联合在应用于临床之前，需要进行大量的实验研究，那么构建与人体相似的、符合伦理的、适宜操作的以及可重复的CSD动物模型就显得尤为重要。为了总结CSD动物模型的研究进展，本文查阅国内外近年有关动物CSD模型的文献，从动物种类选择、建模方式以及评价方式等方面进行了综述。动物种类选择上包括小鼠、大鼠、兔、犬、猪和绵羊等；建模方式因致病原因的不同可分为创伤性骨缺损模型、骨肿瘤性骨缺损模型、感染性骨缺损模型、骨质疏松性骨缺损模型；评价方式包括大体观察、影像学、组织学检测、生化指标及生物力学等。通过对CSD动物模型研究进展的综述，为CSD各种治疗方法的研究及新型人工骨替代材料的研发提供更多的依据。

Abstract: Critical-size bone defects (CSD) caused by osteoporosis, severe trauma, bone tumors and bone infections have caused serious impacts on many patients, and the repair of CSD and the subsequent clinical regression have been an important challenge for orthopedic surgeons. With the development of new clinical techniques and the emergence of bone tissue biomaterials, there are numerous studies on the combination of various clinical techniques with drugs and bone tissue materials for the treatment of CSD. Due to the ethical requirement that a large number of experimental studies need to be carried out on various techniques and their combinations before they can be applied to the clinic, it is particularly important to construct a similar, ethical, operable, and reproducible animal model for CSD that is similar to that of the human body. In order to summarize the research progress of CSD animal models, this paper reviews the literature on animal CSD models in recent years, both at home and abroad, and reviews the aspects of animal species selection, modeling methods and evaluation methods. The selection of animal species includes mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep, etc. The modeling methods can be divided into traumatic bone defect model, bone tumor bone defect model, infectious bone defect model and osteoporotic bone defect model according to the different causes of the disease; the evaluation methods include gross observation, imaging, histological detection, biochemical indexes and biomechanics. By reviewing the research progress of CSD animal models, we can provide more evidence for the research of various therapeutic methods of CSD and the research and development of new artificial bone substitution materials.