干细胞治疗帕金森疾病的研究进展

Research Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

摘要: 目前，帕金森疾病已经成为世界第二大常见的神经退行性疾病，其特点是震颤、强直和运动迟缓，主要是由于黑质纹状体通路的耗竭引起的。常规药物如左旋多巴在帕金森早期非常有效；然而，这些药物无法预防潜在的神经变性。帕金森疾病受损细胞种类单一，并且分布于特定的局限空间，药物与手术治疗难以根治，细胞治疗作为一种新兴疗法具有重要意义，其细胞来源涵盖胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、多种组织的间充质干细胞以及诱导多能干细胞。通过神经移植，这些细胞能够替代或修复帕金森病中受损的多巴胺神经元，从而改善甚至逆转疾病的进展，为帕金森的治疗带来新的希望。为了充分发挥干细胞的治疗潜力，我们需要认识到这些细胞来源的优点和局限性。本文主要介绍帕金森干细胞治疗的背景以及不同细胞来源的治疗进展，旨在为研究帕金森的干细胞治疗提供参考。

Abstract: Currently, Parkinson’s disease has become the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, primarily due to the depletion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Conventional medications like Levodopa are highly effective in the early stages of Parkinson’s; however, these drugs cannot prevent underlying neurodegeneration. The damaged cells in Parkinson’s disease are of a single type and are located in specific, confined areas, making it difficult to cure with medication or surgery. Cell therapy, as an emerging treatment, holds significant importance, with cell sources including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells from various tissues, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Through neural transplantation, these cells can replace or repair the damaged dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease, thereby improving or even reversing the progression of the disease, offering new hope for its treatment. To fully harness the therapeutic potential of stem cells, it is essential to recognize the advantages and limitations of these cell sources. This article primarily introduces the background of stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s and the progress in treatment using different cell sources, aiming to provide a reference for research on stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease.