内蒙古乌海地区幽门螺杆菌感染临床特征调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Wuhai of Inner Mongolia

摘要: 背景：幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)是一种常见的胃黏膜感染性疾病，全球超过半数人口感染，与胃癌等多种胃部疾病有显著相关性。目的：本研究旨在分析内蒙古乌海地区幽门螺杆菌感染的临床特征及其与慢性胃炎、十二指肠球炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌的相关性。方法：研究选取了2023年1月至12月期间就诊于内蒙古乌海市人民医院门诊及体检中的896名患者，通过电子胃镜和碳13呼气试验进行检测，采用R × C列联表资料的χ²检验，对不同群体的幽门螺杆菌感染率进行分析。结果：本地区幽门螺杆菌感染率为45.4%，不同年龄段感染率存在显著性差异，青中年感染率高。感染者中，消化性溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌的感染率分别为62.7%、58.3%、42.1%，均显著高于其他疾病。慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡发展为胃癌的可能性较大。结论：内蒙古乌海地区青中年、慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌人群幽门螺杆菌感染风险高，应当进行幽门螺杆菌检测及治疗。研究结果为制定检测和治疗策略、预防胃癌发生提供参考。

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common infectious disease of the gastric mucosa that infects more than half of the world’s population, and is positively correlated with a variety of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of H. pylori infection and its correlation with chronic gastritis, duodenal bulb inflammation, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer in western Inner Mongolia. Methods: Eight hundred and ninety-six patients who attended outpatient clinics and physical examinations at The People’s Hospital of Wuhai in Inner Mongolia between January and December 2023 were selected for the study and tested by gastroscopy examination and carbon 13 breath test. χ² tests of R × C contingency tables were used to analyze the H. pylori infection rates among different groups. Results: The results showed that the infection rate of H. pylori in this region was 45.4%, with significant differences in the infection rate among different age groups, and a high infection rate among young and middle-aged people. The infection rates of peptic ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer were 62.7%, 58.3%, and 42.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other diseases. Chronic atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer were more likely to develop into gastric cancer. Conclusion: The risk of Helicobacter pylori infection is high among young and middle-aged, chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer populations in Wuhai of Inner Mongolia, who should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori. The results of the study provide a reference for the development of detection and treatment strategies and the prevention of gastric cancer.