肝损伤的病理机制研究进展及营养干预策略

Research Progress on Pathological Mechanisms of Liver Injury and Nutritional Intervention Strategies

摘要: 肝脏作为人体重要器官，生理功能关键却易受多种因素影响而受损。当前肝损伤发病率高，给全球健康带来重大负担。文章旨在综述其病理机制与营养干预策略，通过综合分析相关研究，阐述了细胞死亡途径、炎症及氧化应激的反应与调控等病理机制，介绍病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病等主要肝损伤种类及致病因素，以及营养状态评估、个性化营养计划制定、特殊营养素和活性物质补充等干预策略。临床可用主观全面评估、人体测量等方法评估营养状况，为不同患者制定个性化营养计划并补充特殊营养素和活性物质，在改善营养、减轻肝损伤、调节肠道菌群方面效果显著。合理的营养干预对肝损伤患者意义重大，未来应深入研究具体机制与精准应用，以更好地防治相关疾病。

Abstract: As a vital organ of the human body, the liver is crucial for physiological functions yet vulnerable to damage from various factors. Currently, the high incidence of liver injury imposes a significant burden on global health. This paper aims to review its pathological mechanisms and nutritional intervention strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant research, it elaborates on pathological mechanisms such as cell death pathways, the responses and regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. It also introduces major types of liver injury like viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, along with their causative factors, as well as intervention strategies, including nutritional status assessment, formulation of personalized nutrition plans, and supplementation of special nutrients and bioactive substances. Clinically, methods such as subjective global assessment and anthropometric measurement can be used to evaluate nutritional status. Tailoring personalized nutrition plans for different patients and supplementing special nutrients and bioactive substances can significantly improve nutrition, alleviate liver injury, and regulate the gut microbiota. Rational nutritional intervention is of great significance for liver injury patients. In the future, in-depth research should be conducted on specific mechanisms and precise applications to better prevent and treat related diseases.