糖尿病母亲婴儿近期及远期并发症的研究进展

Research Progress on Short-Term and Long-Term Complications of Infants of Diabetic Mothers

摘要: 随着社会经济的发展，生育年龄的延迟、饮食和运动等生活方式的改变，妊娠期高血糖的发生率呈上升趋势。据统计，妊娠期高血糖在全球发病率约为14%，在我国的发病率为7%~18%不等。据统计，2021年约有2110万新生儿是糖尿病母亲婴儿，约占全球新生儿的16.7%，其中有80.1%是妊娠期糖尿病母亲婴儿。糖尿病母亲婴儿因受到宫内高血糖的影响，更容易发生早产、巨大儿、小于胎龄儿、新生儿低血糖、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、先天性心脏异常、其他少见的先天畸形等近期并发症，并且可能导致儿童时期发生肥胖、糖代谢异常和1型糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经发育障碍等远期不良影响。本文将对以上并发症进行综述。

Abstract: With the development of the social economy, the delay of childbearing age, and lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, the incidence of hyperglycemia during pregnancy is on the rise. According to statistics, the global incidence of hyperglycemia during pregnancy is about 14%, and the incidence in China ranges from 7%~18%, and about 21.1 million newborns in 2021 are diabetic mothers and infants, accounting for about 16.7% of global newborns, of which 80.1% are gestational diabetic mothers and infants. Diabetic mothers and infants are more likely to have short-term complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia, small for gestational age, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart anomalies, and other rare congenital malformations due to the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia, and may lead to obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodevelopmental disorders and other long-term adverse effects in childhood. This article reviews these complications.