GATS框架下中国服务贸易法律适用的挑战与完善路径——以市场准入与国民待遇为视角

Challenges and Improvement Paths for the Application of Service Trade Law in China under the GATS Framework—From the Perspective of Market Access and National Treatment

摘要: GATS的制定与实施为服务贸易蓬勃发展提供了法律土壤，但现阶段国内法对GATS的适用还不够成熟，存在一些现实挑战，如市场准入的“正面清单”困境、国民待遇例外条款适用争议以及数据跨境流动的规则真空。本文以GATS法律适用为切入点，系统分析了GATS市场准入与国民待遇两大核心条款在我国服务贸易中的适用逻辑与挑战，并探讨了国内法与国际规则的协同路径，分别评析了其特点，并提出我国应有的立场和可行的对策。

Abstract: The formulation and implementation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) have provided a legal foundation for the vigorous development of trade in services. However, at this stage, the application of GATS within domestic law is not yet mature, facing several practical challenges, such as the dilemma of the “positive list” approach to market access, disputes over the application of national treatment exceptions, and the regulatory vacuum in cross-border data flows. This paper takes the legal application of GATS as its starting point, systematically analyzes the application logic and challenges of GATS’s two core provisions—market access and national treatment—in China’s trade in services, and explores the synergistic path between domestic law and international rules. It evaluates their respective characteristics and proposes China’s appropriate stance and feasible countermeasures.