河北唐山滦河口湿地的生态环境质量评估

Ecological and Environmental Quality Assessment of Luanhekou Wetland in Tangshan, Hebei Province

摘要: 滦河口湿地作为我国北方重要的湿地之一，其生态环境质量的总体评估研究较少。根据2022年对滦河口湿地生物生态等的综合调查结果以及前人研究数据，采用综合指标体系评价法对滦河口湿地的生态环境质量进行了评估。结果表明：滦河口湿地水环境指标为14分，生物指标为28分，生境指标为6分，干扰指标为14分，生态环境质量的总分为62分，处于一般水平；湿地鸟类资源丰富，但植被资源不足，生态系统可能面临初级生产力不足的潜在隐患；湿地水资源丰富，但水资源量逐渐减少，且存在污染情况；人类活动则对生态环境产生了一定程度的干扰。因此，滦河口湿地恢复的重点在于减少人类干扰、水文情势调控以及植被资源的修复。

Abstract: As one of the important wetlands in northern China, the overall assessment of ecological environment quality of Luanhekou wetland is rarely studied. According to the comprehensive survey results of the biological ecology of the Luanhekou wetland in 2022 and the data of previous studies, the ecological environment quality of the Luanhekou wetland was evaluated by using the comprehensive index system evaluation method. The results showed that the water environment index of Luanhekou wetland was 14 points, the biological index was 28 points, the habitat index was 6 points, the disturbance index was 14 points, and the total score of ecological environment quality was 62 points, which was at the general level. Bird resources in Luanhekou wetland are abundant, but vegetation resources are insufficient, and ecosystems may face the potential hidden danger of insufficient primary productivity. Luanhekou wetlands are rich in water resources, but the amount of water resources is gradually decreasing, and there is pollution. Human activities have disturbed the ecological environment to a certain extent. Therefore, the restoration of Luanhekou wetland focuses on reducing human disturbance, regulating hydrological conditions, and restoring vegetation resources.