儿童功能性腹痛疾病的危险因素及生活质量调查

Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders

摘要: 目的：分析儿童功能腹痛疾病相关危险因素并调查其生活质量。方法：采用病例对照研究方法，选取2024年3月至2024年9月就诊于青岛大学附属医院儿科门诊的功能性腹痛儿童及同期健康对照儿童为研究对象。通过问卷调查收集研究对象的一般资料及可能影响功能性腹痛产生的因素，采用二元Logistic回归模型分析疾病发生的危险因素，并运用儿童生存质量测定量表评估研究对象生活质量。结果：1) 共纳入研究对象145例，其中病例组儿童100例，健康对照组45例。单因素分析显示，新生儿期应用抗生素、食物过敏史、家族偏头痛病史均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。在性别、年龄、BMI、分娩方式、是否为纯母乳喂养、新生儿期是否有母婴分离、家族成员中是否有FAPDs病史、饮食结构、每周体育锻炼情况、是否规律补充维生素D、家庭结构、家庭年收入、父母文化水平方面，两组之间差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。2) 二元Logistic回归分析显示，新生儿期应用抗生素(OR = 3.420, 95% CI: 1.053~11.112)及食物过敏史(OR = 5.439, 95% CI: 1.155~25.621)是儿童功能性腹痛疾病的危险因素。3) 病例组儿童生活质量评分在生理功能维度和学习功能维度均低于对照组儿童(P < 0.05)。结论：儿童功能性疾病的危险因素是新生儿期应用抗生素及食物过敏史。功能性腹痛的患儿生活质量偏低，医疗工作者应尽早识别并针对性干预。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the risk factors of functional abdominal pain in children and to assess their quality of life. Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Children diagnosed with functional abdominal pain who were treated by the Department of Pediatrics at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between March 2024 and September 2024, along with healthy children during the same period, were recruited as participants. A binary Logistic regression model was employed to identify the risk factors for functional abdominal pain. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was utilized to evaluate the quality of life among the children. Results: 1) A total of 145 subjects were included, including 100 children in case group and 45 children in healthy control group. The univariate analysis revealed that the use of antibiotics during the neonatal period, a history of food allergies, and a family history of migraines were significantly different between the two groups (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, BMI, mode of delivery, whether exclusive breastfeeding, separation of mother and child during the neonatal period, history of FAPDs in family members, diet structure, weekly physical exercise, regular vitamin D supplementation, family structure, family annual income, and parental education level (all P > 0.05). 2) The binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of antibiotics during the neonatal period (OR = 3.420, 95% CI: 1.053~11.112) and a history of food allergies (OR = 5.439, 95% CI: 1.155~25.621) were the risk factors for functional abdominal pain in children. 3) The scores for the physiological function and learning function dimensions were significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: History of antibiotic use in the neonatal period and history of food allergies may be the risk factors for functional abdominal pain in children. Children with functional abdominal pain have a low quality of life. Healthcare providers should promptly identify and intervene in such cases.