日本中小学校园欺凌行为预防与管理综述

A Review of the Prevention and Management of Bullying in Primary and Secondary Schools in Japan

摘要: 校园欺凌对青少年的个性塑造与身心健康构成了深远的不良影响，同时，这一现象也给社会结构、教育机构及家庭环境带来了明显的负面效应。日本从20世纪80年代便开始应对校园欺凌问题，并逐步积累了广泛的治理经验。本文旨在从日本中小学校园欺凌的现状、发展历程及预防措施三个方面进行学术探讨，以期剖析日本在解决中小学校园欺凌问题上的成功经验和不足之处。我国应从立法体系建设、校园援助机制建设、德育教育及预警制度建设四个维度，通过多方协同合作，共同治理校园欺凌，努力将校园打造成学生成长中最阳光、最安全的场所。

Abstract: Bullying in schools has far-reaching adverse effects on the personality formation and physical and mental health of young people, and at the same time, the phenomenon has obvious negative effects on the social structure, educational institutions and the family environment. Japan has been dealing with the problem of school bullying since the 1980s and has gradually accumulated a wide range of governance experience. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an academic discussion on three aspects, namely, the current situation, development history and preventive measures of bullying in primary and secondary schools in Japan, with a view to analyse the successes and shortcomings of Japan’s experience in solving the problem of bullying in primary and secondary schools. In China, the four dimensions of legislative system construction, campus assistance mechanism construction, moral education and early warning system construction, should be constructed through the multi-party collaborative co-operation to jointly manage school bullying, and try to make the school campus the sunniest and safest place in the growth of students.