网络爬虫技术侵犯个人信息的定罪分析

Conviction Analysis of Web Crawler Technology for Infringement of Personal Information

摘要: 随着信息技术的飞速发展，网络爬虫技术在各个领域得到广泛应用，同时利用该技术侵犯个人信息的犯罪行为也不断增多。然而，由于我国目前的法律法规不够明确、完善，不同地区在司法实践中对相关法律法规的理解和适用存在差异，致使“同案不同判”的问题普遍存在。针对司法实践中对该行为的入罪定罪混乱问题，应该先确定行为人行为是否构成犯罪，再确定行为人的犯罪行为应该被判处的具体罪名。在入罪方面，既应判断行为对象，在区分数据和个人信息的基础上，进一步对个人信息进行归类分析；还应从客观方面和主观方面分析行为人的行为，即行为人是否具备授权、违法性认识、符合犯罪行为构成要件。在确定行为人行为构成犯罪时，则进一步确定其罪名。在综合考虑行为人的具体行为、行为实质上侵犯何种法益以及同一行为同时构成不同罪名时如何处理罪数关系等问题的基础上，最终明确行为人犯罪行为应该被判处的罪名。

Abstract: With the rapid development of information technology, web crawler technology has been widely applied in various fields. At the same time, criminal acts of infringing on personal information by using this technology are also on the rise. However, due to the lack of clarity and perfection of China’s current laws and regulations, different regions have differences in the understanding and application of relevant laws and regulations in judicial practice, resulting in the widespread problem of “different judgments for the same case”. In response to the chaotic situation of conviction and sentencing of such acts in judicial practice, it is necessary to first determine whether the act of the actor constitutes a crime, and then determine the specific charge for which the criminal act of the actor should be sentenced. In terms of determining criminal liability, not only should the object of the act be judged. On the basis of distinguishing between data and personal information, further classification and analysis should be carried out. It is also necessary to analyze the actor’s behavior from the objective and subjective aspects, that is, whether the actor has authorization, awareness of illegality, and meets the constitutive requirements of the criminal act. When it is determined that the actor’s behavior constitutes a crime, the charge is further determined. On the basis of comprehensively considering issues such as the specific behavior of the actor, what kind of legal interests are essentially infringed by the behavior, and how to deal with the relationship of the number of crimes when the same act constitutes different charges, the charge for which the actor’s criminal act should be sentenced is finally clarified.