免疫检查点抑制剂不良事件研究进展

Research Progress on Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

摘要: 近年来，免疫疗法已被广泛用于治疗恶性肿瘤患者。免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)已经显著改变了恶性肿瘤的治疗，并且已经成为一种非常有吸引力的单独或与其他治疗相结合的替代治疗药物，被广泛应用于恶性肿瘤的治疗。ICIs显著改善癌症患者的预后，但不幸的是免疫相关不良反应(irAEs)也随之而来。irAEs可以累及全身多个器官系统，最常见的是皮肤、胃肠道、肝脏、内分泌和肺部不良反应。在严重的情况下，irAEs可能危及生命，甚至导致死亡。考虑到长期生存的潜力，irAEs成为一个特别需要临床医生考虑的重要因素。本文通过对国内外相关文献的研究，总结了irAEs的研究进展，以期帮助诊断和有效管理这些潜在的严重不良事件。

Abstract: In recent years, immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of patients with malignant tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly transformed the treatment of malignancies and have become an attractive alternative therapy, either as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. ICIs have been extensively applied in the treatment of malignant tumors and have significantly improved the prognosis of cancer patients. Unfortunately, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have also emerged as a consequence. irAEs can affect multiple organ systems throughout the body, with the most common being skin, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine, and pulmonary adverse reactions. In severe cases, irAEs may be life-threatening and can even lead to death. Considering the potential for long-term survival, irAEs have become an important factor that clinicians need to take into account. This article summarizes the research progress on irAEs through a review of relevant domestic and international literature, with the aim of aiding in the diagnosis and effective management of these potentially serious adverse events.