儿童鼻炎诊断与治疗研究进展

Research Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Rhinitis in Children

摘要: 儿童鼻炎主要为过敏性鼻炎，也称为变应性鼻炎，主要是机体暴露于变异原后发生的鼻黏膜非感染性疾病，目前已经成为我国儿童最主要的呼吸道疾病之一，且发病率逐渐升高。受部分地区医疗技术限制，对儿童鼻炎诊断漏诊率较高，导致患儿被误诊为普通感冒等其他呼吸道疾病，没有得到及时有效的治疗，影响患儿学习及生活质量。对于儿童鼻炎治疗目前主要采用阶梯治疗方案，对不同严重程度鼻炎的起始治疗方案可能不同。除鼻用激素和口服抗过敏药物等传统治疗方法外，脱敏治疗、中医治疗及一些新兴技术的发展，也帮助临床医生提高儿童鼻炎诊断率，便于早期采取正确规范治疗。本研究对目前儿童鼻炎诊断和治疗的相关研究进行综述，旨在为临床提供一些参考。

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis, is the main type of rhinitis in children. It is a non-infectious disease of the nasal mucosa that occurs after exposure to allergens. It has become one of the most common respiratory diseases in children in China. Moreover, the incidence rate is gradually increasing. Due to the limitations of medical technology in some areas, the rate of missed diagnosis of children’s rhinitis is relatively high, leading to misdiagnosis of children as having common colds or other respiratory diseases, and they fail to receive timely and effective treatment, which affects their learning and quality of life. Currently, the treatment of children’s rhinitis mainly adopts a stepwise treatment plan, and the initial treatment plan for rhinitis of different severity may vary. In addition to traditional treatment methods such as nasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines, desensitization therapy, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and the development of some emerging technologies also help clinicians improve the diagnosis rate of children’s rhinitis and facilitate early and correct standardized treatment. This study reviews the current research on the diagnosis and treatment of children’s rhinitis, aiming to provide some references for clinical practice.