表面活性剂在矿物浸出中的强化作用：原理、应用与展望
Enhancing Mineral Leaching with Surfactants: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects
摘要: 随着矿产资源的日益枯竭，如何提高矿物的浸出效率成为矿业领域中的关键问题。表面活性剂作为一种具有特殊分子结构的物质，通过降低溶液表面张力、改善矿石的润湿性、促进固液界面反应等多种方式，有效地增强矿物浸出效果。本文综述了表面活性剂在矿物浸出中的作用机制，包括其对矿石表面润湿性的改善、化学反应的促进、以及离子扩散与传质的影响。此外，本文还探讨了表面活性剂在不同矿物(如铜矿、磷钾伴生矿、低品位锰矿等)中的应用实例，展示了不同类型表面活性剂对矿物浸出效率的提升作用。最后，讨论了表面活性剂强化矿物浸出的影响因素，如表面活性剂种类、矿石性质及浸出条件等，为矿业高效、绿色、可持续发展提供了理论支持和技术参考。
Abstract: As mineral resources continue to deplete, enhancing the leaching efficiency of minerals has become a critical issue in the mining industry. Surfactants, with their unique molecular structures, effectively enhance mineral leaching through various mechanisms, including reducing solution surface tension, improving ore wettability, and facilitating solid-liquid interface reactions. This review explores the mechanisms by which surfactants influence mineral leaching, such as enhancing ore surface wettability, promoting chemical reactions, and influencing ion diffusion and mass transfer. Furthermore, the paper discusses the application of surfactants in the leaching of different minerals, such as copper ores, phosphorite-potash associated ores, and low-grade manganese ores, highlighting the role of various surfactant types in improving leaching efficiency. Finally, the review examines factors affecting surfactant-enhanced mineral leaching, including surfactant type, ore properties, and leaching conditions, providing theoretical insights and technical references for the efficient, green, and sustainable development of the mining industry.
文章引用：赵元勋, 李陈敏, 李小娣, 余军霞. 表面活性剂在矿物浸出中的强化作用：原理、应用与展望[J]. 矿山工程, 2025, 13(2): 352-361. https://doi.org/10.12677/me.2025.132039

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