子宫内膜癌的早期筛查及研究进展

Early Screening and Advancements of Endometrial Cancer

摘要: 子宫内膜癌(endometrial cancer, EC)的发病率不断升高，发病年龄趋于年轻化，但生存率没有明显改善。早期诊断及治疗子宫内膜癌与较好的生存预后相关，但目前缺乏准确可靠的筛查方式。临床主要通过妇科超声观察子宫内膜病变，对结果异常的患者进行有创性子宫内膜组织活检来排除子宫内膜恶性病变，经济成本高，患者耐受性差。因此，寻找安全、微创、准确且经济的筛查手段，对提高子宫内膜癌的早期诊断率及改善患者预后至关重要。随着子宫内膜微创取样技术、肿瘤相关生物学分子检测等技术的发展，许多具有EC预测价值的新型标志物被发现和验证，有助于临床为EC高危患者选择最优个性化筛查方案。本文就目前子宫内膜癌早期筛查方式进行综述。

Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) has been increasing and showing a younger trend. Early EC is associated with a better survival prognosis, but there is a lack of accurate and reliable screening methods. In clinical practice, gynecologic ultrasound was used to examine high-risk groups of endometrial cancer, and endometrial tissue biopsy was performed for patients with abnormal results to exclude malignant lesions of endometrial. Such invasive procedures are painful and economically costly for patients. Therefore, we need to find safe, minimally invasive, accurate and inexpensive screening methods for endometrial cancer, which is crucial to improve the early diagnosis rate of endometrial cancer and improve the prognosis of patients. With the development of minimally invasive endometrial sampling technology and tumor-related biological molecular detection technology, more and more novel markers with predictive value of EC have been discovered and validated, which helps clinicians select the most appropriate personalized screening program for patients at high risk of EC. This article reviews the current methods of early screening for endometrial cancer.