壳聚糖基水凝胶吸附剂的除磷效能及再利用研究
Study on Phosphorus Removal Efficiency and Reuse of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Adsorbent
摘要: 磷的过量排放会导致水体的富营养化，但其实磷是不可再生资源。若使用可回收且环境友好型的吸附剂吸附去除水中的磷后，将废弃的吸附剂作为植物肥料，或可达到绿色循环再利用的目的。本研究制备了两种壳聚糖基水凝胶球CS-La/Ca和CS-Fe/Ca，考察对比了二者的吸附除磷效果以及吸附磷饱和后P、La、Fe的释放，以探究其作为植物肥料的潜能。CS-La/Ca的磷吸附容量较高(56.22 mg∙g−1)，且对不同pH及共存阴离子的适应能力较强，但CS-Fe/Ca的吸附速率比CS-La/Ca快，且吸附饱和后磷的释放量更高，可达2.17 mg∙L−1。二者吸附饱和后，功能元素La和Fe的释放量分别为7~20 μg∙L−1和30~40 μg∙L−1，均为较低水平，不仅不会对植物造成损害，还可作为微量营养元素促进植物生长。因此，CS-La/Ca更适合用作富营养化水体修复材料，而CS-Fe/Ca更适合用作植物肥料，具有循环再利用的潜能。
Abstract: Excessive discharge of phosphorus can lead to eutrophication of water, but in fact, phosphorus is a non-renewable resource. If recyclable and environmentally friendly adsorbents are used to remove phosphorus from water, the waste adsorbents can be used as plant fertilizers, or the purpose of green recycling can be achieved. In this study, two kinds of chitosan based hydrogel spheres, CS-La/Ca and CS-Fe/Ca, were prepared, and their adsorption and phosphorus removal effects and the release of P, La and Fe after saturated adsorption of phosphorus were investigated and compared, so as to explore their potential as plant fertilizers. CS-La/Ca has a higher phosphorus adsorption capacity (56.22 mg∙g−1) and strong adaptability to different pH and co-existing anions, but the adsorption rate of CS-Fe/Ca is faster than that of CS-La/Ca, and the phosphorus release amount after adsorption saturation is higher, reaching 2.17 mgP∙L−1. After adsorption and saturation, the release amounts of functional elements La and Fe are 7~20 μg∙L−1 and 30~40 μg∙L−1, respectively, which are low levels, not only do not cause damage to plants, but also can be used as micronutrients to promote plant growth. Therefore, CS-La/Ca is more suitable for use as eutrophication water restoration materials, while CS-Fe/Ca is more suitable for use as plant fertilizer, which has the potential of recycling.
文章引用：隋晓萌, 张欣桐, 冯巨龙, 谷雨桐. 壳聚糖基水凝胶吸附剂的除磷效能及再利用研究[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2025, 15(3): 346-357. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2025.153042

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