阿替利珠联合贝伐珠治疗晚期肝癌的安全性及有效性的荟萃分析
Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Advanced Hepatocelluar Carcinoma
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2025.42151, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 田维松, 陈治梁, 余天雾*:重庆医科大学附属永川医院,肝胆外科,重庆
关键词: 肝细胞癌阿替利珠单抗贝伐珠单抗Hepatocellular Carcinoma Atezolizumab Bevacizumab
摘要: 目的:阿替利珠单抗(atezolizumab)联合贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)于2020年被中国国家药品监督管理局批准作为晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)的一线治疗药物。但各随机对照试验(RCT)及回顾性研究报道的两药安全性及有效性不尽相同,本研究的目的是进一步评估两者联合治疗晚期HCC的有效性及安全性。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、CBM、知网、万方、维普各数据库检索了2018年1月1日至2023年10月1日关于阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐单抗来治疗晚期HCC的合格文献。结果包括总缓解率(OR)、完全缓解率(CR)、部分缓解率(PR)、中位总生存期(mOS)、中位无进展生存期(mPFS)和不良事件(AE)。结果:纳入了42项研究,包括3168名患者。基于实体瘤反应评价标准(RECIST)的长期(超过6周)治疗反应的OR、CR和PR分别为26%、3%和23%。合并的总生存期为12.2个月,合并中位无进展生存期为6.9个月。在治疗期间,63%的患者发生了不良事件,其中3级及以上的不良事件的发生率为42%。结论:阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐单抗治疗晚期HCC有效性和安全性良好。阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐单抗在晚期HCC的长期、一线和标准剂量治疗中显示出较好的肿瘤缓解率。
Abstract: Objective: Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab was approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China in 2020 as the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the safety and efficacy reported varied between randomized controlled trials (RCT) and retrospective studies. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination in the treatment of advanced HCC. Method: The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, and Virpup for the combination of bevacizumab and bevacizumab for advanced HCC were searched from January 1, 2018 to October 1, 2023. The results included the overall response rate (OR), complete response rate (CR), partial response rate (PR), median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and adverse events (AEs). Results: 42 studies were included, including 3168 patients. The OR, CR, and PR for long-term treatment response (over 6 weeks) based on the response evaluation criteria (RECIST) for solid tumors were 26%, 3%, and 23%, respectively. The combined overall survival was 12.2 months, and the combined median progression-free survival was 6.9 months. During the treatment period, 63% of the patients had adverse events, with the incidence of grade 3 and above being 42%. Conclusion: Atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab in advanced HCC. Altelibizumab combined with bevacizumab showed better tumor response rates in long-term, first-line and standard dose therapy for advanced HCC.
文章引用:田维松, 陈治梁, 余天雾. 阿替利珠联合贝伐珠治疗晚期肝癌的安全性及有效性的荟萃分析[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2025, 4(2): 92-109. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2025.42151

1. 研究背景

肝细胞癌(HCC)是最常见的肝癌类型,约占90%的病例[1]。已知HCC的主要危险因素是病毒性、代谢性、毒性和免疫系统相关疾病[2]。尽管乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗计划的成功实施降低了中年人(30~59岁) HCC的发病率,但由于非酒精性脂肪性肝病的流行,HCC的发病率和死亡率继续上升。研究表明,到2040年,全球HCC死亡率将再增加41% [3] [4]。根治性切除是治疗肝癌最有效的方法,但我国肝癌的早期诊断率低,仅有不到30%的患者具备根治性手术的机会,大多数肝癌患者在初诊时已属中晚期(CNLC-IIb期、IIIa期、IIIb期) [5]。对于晚期HCC,系统性抗癌策略是主要治疗方法[6] [7]。2020年5月,基于III期IMbrave150试验,阿替利珠联合贝伐珠单抗被授权作为晚期HCC的一线治疗新药[8] [9]。但各研究中心的RCT及回顾性研究的结果不一致,需要进一步的研究来确定联合治疗在临床实践中的真正效用[9]-[11]。一篇纳入了23项研究,包括3168名患者的荟萃分析显示:基于实体瘤反应评价标准(RECIST)的长期(超过6周)治疗反应的OR、CR和PR分别为26%、2%和23%,合并的mOS为14.7个月,mPFS为6.7个月[12]。本荟萃分析纳入更多的原始研究及样本量,旨在进一步评估阿替利珠单抗和贝伐珠单抗联合治疗晚期HCC的有效性和安全性。

2. 研究方法

2.1. 数据库与检索策略

2名研究人员独自在Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、CBM、知网、万方、维普中检索了2018年1月1日至2023年10月1日发表的符合条件的论文。中文数据库检索策略是(“贝伐珠单抗”和“阿替利珠”和“肝细胞癌”)。英文数据库使用的搜索策略是(“atezolizumab”或“MPDL3280A”或“Tecentriq”或“RG7446”)和(“Bevacizumab”或“Mvasi”或“Avastin”或“Bevacizumab awwb”) AND (“Liver cancer” OR “Hepatocellular Carcinoma” OR “Hepatoma” OR “HCC”)。搜索没有基于地理、种族或年龄的限制。此外,对可能符合条件的文章的参考文献进行了调查,以进行有用的研究。

2.2. 纳入与排除标准

纳入标准如下:(1) 研究对象:所有经影像学及病理学明确诊断为HCC的患者;(2) 干预措施:患者使用阿替利珠单抗和贝伐珠单抗进行治疗,且按阿替利珠1200 mg + 贝伐珠15 mg/kg标准剂量;(3) 结局:文献中至少记录了一种临床肿瘤结局,如总缓解率、完全缓解率、部分缓解率、中位总生存期、中位无进展生存期和不良事件;(4) 研究:前瞻性临床和回顾性研究,包括随机对照试验、队列研究和单臂研究。排除标准如下:(1) 病理研究、动物实验、病例报告、综述、信函、会议摘要、评论和社论;(2) 其他文字文献或者资料不全的;(3) 原始文献缺失。

2.3. 数据提取与质量评价

2名研究者独立从纳入的文章中提取数据。提取的数据如下:第一作者、发表年份、研究类型、样本量、年龄、干预方法、报告终点。临床和安全性结果为mOS、mPFS、OR、CR、PR以及任何AE和≥3级AE。纳入的回顾性单臂研究的质量采用JBI量表(the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series)进行评估[13]。采用纽卡斯尔–渥太华量表(The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale)对纳入的RCT研究和有对照组的回顾性研究进行评价[14]

2.4. 统计分析

所有数据分析均使用STATA MP 17.0,当数据不符合正态分布时,应用双反正弦变换。95% CI表示所有合并结果的影响幅度。采用I2统计量对研究进行异质性分析,当I2 < 50%时采用固定效应模型,当I2 > 50%时采用随机效应模型。当I2 ≥ 50%,异质性显著,对基于效应量入选所有文章进行敏感性分析。此外,采用Egger’s检验评估纳入研究的发表偏倚。

3. 研究结果

3.1. 纳入文献情况

通过仔细检索上述数据库,共找到份有关3361篇相关文献。经过一系列筛选和去重复步骤(具体过程见图1),最终本篇荟萃分析纳入了42项研究,涉及6742例患者。详细的研究筛选过程如图1所示。42项研究的总体特征和质量评价结果分别见表1表2

3.2. 表2中问题具体内容

问题1,是否有明确的病例纳入标准?问题2,是否采取标准及可信的方法确定病例疾病或健康问题?问题3,是否使用了有效的方法确诊疾病或健康问题?问题4,病例中研究对象的纳入是否连贯?问题5,病例中研究对象的纳入是否全面?问题6,是否清晰报告了研究对象的人口学信息?问题7,是否清晰报告了研究对象的临床信息?问题8,是否清晰报告了病例的结局或随访结果?问题9,是否清晰报告了病例的地理/社会学信息?问题10,统计分析方法是否合适?

Figure 1. The process of literature screening

1. 文献筛选过程

Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the included studies

1. 纳入研究的基线临床特征

文献

设计类型

研究时间

样本量(男/女)

年龄(中位数,年)

干预措施

结局指标

Castro 2022 [15]

回顾性研究

11/2019~11/2021

147 (125/22)

68.7 (30~96)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Teng 2022 [16]

回顾性研究

09/2020~01/2022

89 (75/14)

61.3 (56.4~67.8)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Komatsu 2022 [17]

回顾性研究

10/2020~01/2021

34 (25/9)

73 (45~82)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, AEs

Cheon 2022 [18]

回顾性研究

05/2020~02/2021

121 (101/20)

61 (36~83)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Himmelsbach 2022 [19]

回顾性研究

12/2018~08/2021

66 (54/12)

65 (30~88)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Maesaka 2022 [20]

回顾性研究

10/2020~05/2021

88 (71/17)

75 (47~91)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Iwamoto 2021 [21]

回顾性研究

11/2020~03/2021

51 (45/6)

71 (37~85)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Sho 2022 [22]

回顾性研究

10/2020~02/2022

115 (95/20)

72 (31~89)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, AEs

Chon 2022 [23]

回顾性研究

05/2020~04/2021

121 (100/21)

63 (57~71)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

D’Alessio 2022 [24]

回顾性研究

01/2019~01/2022

202 (173/29)

69 (23~90)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Eso 2021 [25]

回顾性研究

10/2020~08/2021

40 (35/5)

70.5 (53~82)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Chen 2022 [26]

回顾性研究

01/2018~05/2021

41 (38/3)

65 (23~83)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, OS

Fulgenzi 2022 [27]

回顾性研究

01/2019~01/2022

296 (245/51)

66 (59~73)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Tada 2022 [28]

回顾性研究

09/2020~10/2021

317 (258/59)

74 (68~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Chuma 2022 [29]

回顾性研究

10/2020~06/2021

94 (73/21)

73 (37~87)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, AEs

Wang 2022 [30]

回顾性研究

01/2020~10/2021

48 (38/10)

62 (31~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Kim 2022 [31]

回顾性研究

08/2019~07/2021

86 (70/16)

62 (56~71)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Hiraoka 2022 [32]

回顾性研究

01/2020~01/2022

194 (148/46)

74 (68~79)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS, AEs

Cheng 2022 [33]

临床试验

03/2018~08/2020

336 (227/109)

64 (56~71)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Lee 2020 [11]

临床试验

07/2016~06/2019

60 (54/6)

60 (22~82)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Kazuki 2022 [34]

回顾性研究

08/2018~09/2020

66 (50/16)

76 (49~93)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, AEs

Chung 2022 [35]

回顾性研究

05/2018~03/2022

46 (38/8)

61.2 (38.4~83.9)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Fabian 2023 [36]

回顾性研究

01/2020~03/2022

100 (87/13)

67 (61~72)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Toshifumi 2023 [37]

回顾性研究

03/2018~12/2022

177 (134/43)

74 (70~79)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OS, PFS

Mathew 2023 [38]

回顾性研究

/

191 (161/30)

68.4 (61.8~75.2)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, OS, PFS, AEs

Yang 2023 [39]

回顾性研究

06/2019~11/2021

35 (31/4)

61 (42~83)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS

Taito 2023 [40]

回顾性研究

10/2020~10/2021

150 (120/30)

72 (65~77)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, AEs

Takeshi 2023 [41]

回顾性研究

09/2020~04/2022

202 (164/38)

74 (67.3~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

PFS

Matthias 2023 [42]

回顾性研究

01/2019~10/2021

41 (31/10)

68 (56.9~79.3)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OS, PFS

Norikazu 2023 [43]

回顾性研究

09/2020~11/2022

154 (124/30)

75 (70~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR

Kazuki 2023 [44]

回顾性研究

10/2020~01/2022

86 (72/14)

76 (49 ~ 93)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS

Atsushi 2023 [45]

回顾性研究

07/2020~07/2022

525 (420/105)

74 (68~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR

Toshifumi 2023 [46]

回顾性研究

09/2020~09/2022

268 (211/57)

74 (68~79.3)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS

Yasuto 2023 [47]

回顾性研究

2020~2022

182 (153/29)

74 (30~92)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR

Sho Matoya 2023 [48]

回顾性研究

10/2020~07/2022

110 (89/21)

74 (69~80)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR

Kazunari 2023 [49]

回顾性研究

09/2020~12/2022

371 (291/80)

74 (69~81)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS

Shigeo 2023 [50]

回顾性研究

2020~10/2022

156 (121/35)

73 (37~93)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS

Masatoshi 2023 [51]

回顾性研究

05/2018~04/2022

110 (82/28)

/

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR

Hitomi 2023 [52]

回顾性研究

11/2020~04/2023

61 (51/10)

74 (44~88)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, PFS

Andrea 2023 [53]

回顾性研究

05/2015~04/2022

864 (682/182)

72 (64~78)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OS, AEs

Hideko 2023 [54]

回顾性研究

04/2018~07/2022

29 (23/06)

72 (67~81)

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Margherita 2023 [55]

回顾性研究

12/2018~05/2022

65 (58/07)

/

A 1200 mg

+ B 15 mg/kg

OR, PR, CR, OS, PFS, AEs

Table 2. Quality evaluation of the included studies

2. 纳入研究的质量评价

纳入回顾性单臂研究的JBI量表

纳入研究

问题1

问题2

问题3

问题4

问题5

问题6

问题7

问题8

问题9

问题10

Castro 2022 [15]

Teng 2022 [16]

Komatsu 2022 [17]

Cheon 2022 [18]

Himmelsbach 2022 [19]

Maesaka 2022 [20]

Iwamoto 2021 [21]

Sho 2022 [22]

Chon 2022 [23]

D’Alessio 2022 [24]

Eso 2021 [25]

Chen 2022 [26]

Fulgenzi 2022 [27]

Tada 2022 [28]

模糊

Chuma 2022 [29]

模糊

Wang 2022 [30]

Kazuki 2022 [34]

Chung 2022 [35]

Fabian 2023 [36]

Toshifumi 2023 [37]

Mathew 2023 [38]

Yang 2023 [39]

Taito 2023 [40]

Takeshi 2023 [41]

Matthias 2023 [42]

模糊

Norikazu 2023 [43]

Kazuki 2023 [44]

Atsushi 2023 [45]

模糊

Toshifumi 2023 [46]

Yasuto 2023 [47]

Sho Matoya 2023 [48]

Kazunari 2023 [49]

Shigeo 2023 [50]

Masatoshi 2023 [51]

Hitomi 2023 [52]

Andrea 2023 [53]

模糊

Hideko 2023 [54]

Margherita 2023 [55]

模糊

其他研究适用NOS量表(纽卡斯尔–渥太华量表)

人群

选择

可比性

结果

评价

总分

Lee 2020 [11]

4

2

2

8

Kim 2022 [31]

4

2

2

8

Hiraoka 2022 [32]

4

2

3

9

Cheng 2022 [33]

4

2

3

9

3.3. 有效性分析

纳入文献中,共计38项研究报道了阿替利珠和贝伐珠单抗联合治疗晚期HCC的长期疗效(超过6周)。其中36项研究均报告了用RECIST评估阿替利珠联合贝伐珠单抗治疗后的长期OR,合并OR率为26% (95% CI,24%~28%,I2 = 57.80%,p = 0.00,图2(a))。12项研究报道了采用改良RECIST (mRECIST)评估的长期OR,合并OR率为33% (95% CI,28%~38%,I2 = 70.32%,p = 0.00,图2(b))。38项研究中分别有27项及36项报告了用RECIST评估的长期CR和PR,合并CR和PR率分别为3% (95% CI,2%~4%,I2 = 53.53%,p = 0.00,图3(a))和23% (95% CI,21%~26%,I2 = 77.98%,p = 0.00,图4(a))。此外,38项研究中分别有8项和10项报道了采用mRECIST评估的长期CR和PR,合并CR和PR率分别为5% (95% CI,5%~7%,I2 = 80.54%,p = 0.24,图3(b))和28% (95% CI,24%~32%,I2 = 60.34%,p = 0.01,图4(b))。6项研究报道了联合治疗的完整mOS数据,合并mOS为12.21个月(95% CI,8.53~15.89,I2 = 92.2%,p = 0.002,图5(a))。15项研究报道了完整的mPFS数据,合并的mPFS为6.88个月(95% CI,6.39~7.38,I2 = 12.0%,p = 0.319,图5(b))。

3.4. 安全性分析

18项研究报道了全级别AE的发生率,合并发生率为63% (95% CI,49%~76%,I2 = 99.04%,p = 0.00,图6(a))。22项研究报道了≥3级AE的发生率,合并发生率为42% (95% CI,31%~53%,I2 = 98.04%,p = 0.00,图6(b))。

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. (a) OR based on RECIST; (b) OR based on mRECIST

2. (a) 基于RECIST的OR;(b) 基于mRECIST的OR

(a)

(b)

Figure 3. (a) CR based on RECIST; (b) CR based on mRECIST

3. (a) 基于RECIST的CR;(b) 基于mRECIST的CR

(a)

(b)

Figure 4. (a) PR based on RECIST; (b) PR based on mRECIST

4. (a) 基于RECIST的PR;(b) 基于mRECIST的PR

(a)

(b)

Figure 5. (a) Pooled mOS; (b) Pooled mPFS

5. (a) 合并的mOS;(b) 合并的mPFS

(a)

(b)

Figure 6. (a): Incidence of full-grade AEs; (b): Incidence of AEs of grade 3 and above

6. (a):全级别AE的发生率;(b):3级及其以上AE的发生率

3.5. 敏感性分析

通过逐一删除每项研究来进行敏感性分析,以确定其对汇总结果的影响。结果显示,合并的结果均未受到任何单一研究的显著影响,说明本研究的结果是相对可靠的。

3.6. 发表偏倚

通过绘制漏斗图考察本次研究是否存在发表偏倚,漏斗图对称意味着不存在发表偏倚。进一步对各效应量的漏斗图进行对称性检验(Egger’s检验)。评价结果显示RECIST评价的OR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.924 > 0.05)、CR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.09 > 0.05)、PR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.241 > 0.05),mRECIST评价的OR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.63 > 0.05)、PR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.858 > 0.05),mPFS (Egger’s检验:p = 0.488 > 0.05),mOS (Egger’s检验:p = 0.452 > 0.05),全级别AE (Egger’s检验:p = 0.401 > 0.05)和3级及以上AE (Egger’s检验:p = 0.916 > 0.05)的合并发生率不存在显著的发表偏倚,而mRECIST评价的CR (Egger’s检验:p = 0.035 < 0.05)存在发表偏倚。

4. 讨论

自2007年以来,索拉非尼已成为晚期HCC的一线治疗药物[33]。随着肝癌的系统治疗研究的不断发展,在2018年,仑伐替尼被批准作为一线治疗药物[33];2020年,鉴于IMbrave150试验对HCC患者预后的显著改善,阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗被批准作为晚期HCC的一线治疗方案[9]。本荟萃分析基于最新发表的研究,探讨了阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗晚期HCC临床实践中的疗效和耐受性。

在所有纳入的42项研究中,女性患者数量明显低于男性患者,这可能与男性HCC发病率较高有关[1]。基于RECIST,合并OR率为26%,略低于与IMbrave150试验的结果,这可能与IMbrave150试验严格纳入A级肝功能病例有关[9] [36],而本篇荟萃分析所有纳入研究的病例中夹杂B级、C级肝功能(Child-Pugh分级)的病人。因而,这可能进一步拓宽联合治疗基于肝功能状态的适用指征。与索拉非尼或仑伐替尼相比,接受阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗的HCC患者的总mOS (12.21个月)和mPFS (6.88个月)显著延长。

阿替利珠单抗的作用机制是通过阻断PD-L1与PD-1或A7-1受体的结合来重新激活T细胞毒性[56],在Ib期研究中,晚期HCC患者的单药OR率为17% [57]。贝伐珠单抗可以抑制血管生成和肿瘤生长,在一项II期研究中,单药OR率为14% [58]。这两种药物单药治疗效果并不理想,但免疫逃避和血管生成通常是相互依存的,并且在肿瘤微环境(TME)中同时发生[59]。这些临床前研究为阿替利珠单抗与贝伐珠单抗联合治疗提供了坚实的理论基础,临床研究最终验证了联合治疗的疗效[11] [15]-[55]。最近的一项研究表明,贝伐珠单抗不仅可以抑制血管生成,还可以抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)介导的调节性T细胞(Treg)增殖和骨髓细胞炎症,并与阿替利珠单抗协同作用,增加TME中CD8+T细胞和树突状细胞的比例,从而激活抗肿瘤免疫,阻碍肿瘤生长[60]。此外,一些研究表明,治疗后较低的中性粒细胞值、肿瘤标志物(甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体及异常凝血酶原)患者获得更好的治疗效果[48] [49],提示这可能是联合治疗有效性的预测指标。总的来说,阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗晚期HCC的有效率并不高,需要进一步探索对于治疗效果的预测指标。

根治性切除是治疗肝癌的首选方法,通过联合治疗,更多的病人实现转化治疗,即获得根治性手术切除机会是最好的治疗结局。一项回顾性多中心队列研究纳入了在日本7个研究所接受阿替利珠联合贝伐珠作为一线治疗的Child-Pugh A肝功能不可切除中晚期HCC患者[51]。该项研究共纳入110个病例,其中7人成功获得手术转化,转化率为6.4%。另一项回顾性研究纳入了156例使用阿替利珠联合贝伐珠治疗的Child-Pugh A级晚期HCC患者[50]。其中17人成功获得手术转化,转化率为10.9%。阿替利珠联合贝伐珠治疗的转换率较低,可积极联合其他局部或全身治疗方式提高转换率,从而延长患者的总生存期。

阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗的AE的总发生率为63%,3级及以上AE的发生率为42%。在总的不良事件中,转氨酶(ALT/AST)升高占比最高,其次是蛋白尿及高血压。因此在治疗过程中密切监测患者的生物学指标,及时调整药物剂量和疗程,积极有效地治疗各种与治疗相关的不良反应。有研究表明[52],在开始联合治疗之前,有自身抗体(抗核抗体、类风湿因子、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体、抗甲状腺刺激激素受体抗体和乙酰胆碱受体抗体)的患者发生免疫相关性AE (irAE)的风险很高,需要谨慎的随访,自身抗体可能成为预测irAE发展风险的标志物。

本篇荟萃分析也存在一些不足。首先,由于近年开展的随机对照实验较少,本研究只纳入了两项随机对照试验,可能存在选择偏倚。其次,本研究只是针对阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗的安全性及有效性,故不涉及与主流一线药物的比较。再次,由于本研究为单臂试验,缺少对照组,纳入的研究对象难以控制其同质性,故各研究之间存在显著的异质性。最后,基于mRECIST评价的CR的研究存在发表偏倚。

5. 结论

在本研究中,我们发现,无论既往治疗、疾病状态如何,阿替利珠单抗和贝伐珠单抗联合治疗对整个组晚期HCC患者均有一定的疗效,且长期有效率为26%。本篇荟萃分析也证实了IMbrave150试验作为晚期HCC治疗临床指南的权威性。此外,联合治疗的耐受性较好。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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