师范生生成式人工智能应用现状与培养策略研究——基于邵阳市高校的调查

Research on the Current Application Status and Cultivation Strategies of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Pre-Service Teachers—Based on a Survey of Universities in Shaoyang City

摘要: 本研究对邵阳市两所学校709名师范生的随机抽样调查，利用描述性统计、差异检验和事后多重比较分析等手段，探讨了师范生在生成式人工智能领域的应用现状及其背后的影响要素。数据揭示，大约70%的受访学生表示对生成式AI较为熟悉；时间分布上，42.03%的学生自2023年上半年或之前开始接触这类技术，相较于33.57%的学生于同年下半年起开始使用；超过半数的学生实践了AI技术的应用；其中，ChatGPT为师范生最常使用的生成式AI工具，而AI绘画技术则是最广泛采纳的技术手段；在主要应用场景中，课程学习居首位，紧随其后的是日常生活与职业规划；调查显示，性别、年级及专业类别等因素对学生使用生成式AI的行为影响有限；学生们普遍期望高校能增设关于生成式AI的课程或专题讲座。鉴于上述调研发现，本研究从高等教育管理、企业机构、高等院校及师生等多重视角出发，提出了促进生成式AI在高等教育中应用的具体建议，旨在为该技术与高等师范教育教学实践的有效融合提供策略导向。

Abstract: Based on a random sampling survey of 709 normal students from two schools in Shaoyang city, this study explored the application status of normal students in the field of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) and its influencing factors by means of descriptive statistics, difference test and multiple comparative analysis afterwards. The data reveals that about 70% of the students surveyed are familiar with GAI. In terms of time distribution, 42.03% of the students started to use this technology in the first half of 2023, 33.57% of the students in the second half of the same year. More than half of the students have practiced the application of AI technology. Among them, ChatGPT is the most commonly used GAI tool for normal students, and AI painting technology is the most widely adopted technical means. In the main application scenarios, curriculum learning ranks first, followed by daily life and career planning. The survey shows that factors such as gender, grade and major category have limited influence on students’ behavior of using GAI. Students generally expect schools to add courses or lectures on GAI. In view of the above findings, this study puts forward specific suggestions to promote the application of GAI in higher education from the perspectives of higher education management, enterprises, universities, teachers and students, aiming at providing strategic guidance for the effective integration of this technology with the teaching practice of higher normal education.