新质生产力对企业出口竞争力的分析——基于企业出口技术复杂度视角

Analysis of New-Quality Productive Forces on Enterprises’ Export Competitiveness —A Perspective Based on Enterprises’ Export Technological Complexity

摘要: 新质生产力的发展是推动高质量发展的内在要求，高水平对外开放是推动高质量发展的重要举措之一，制造业企业是发展新质生产力和对外开放的主力军。本文基于2017年~2021年制造业企业的数据，从企业新质生产力、出口技术复杂度等相关指标研究分析企业新质生产力与出口竞争能力的关系和影响机理。研究发现，企业新质生产力能够有效提高企业的出口技术复杂度，同时通过机制研究发现，企业新质生产力主要通过企业创新能力来影响企业出口技术复杂度从而影响出口竞争力。再通过研究不同地区和不同股权性质的企业发现：东部地区企业新质生产力对出口复杂度产生显著正向影响；非国有企业的新质生产力发展对其出口复杂度提升影响也更为明显。本文以出口技术复杂度视角，研究企业微观主体新质生产力对出口技术复杂度的影响与机理，为我国高质量发展提供了一个新的研究角度。

Abstract: The development of new-quality productive forces constitutes an intrinsic requirement for promoting high-quality development, with high-level opening-up serving as a crucial initiative in this process. Manufacturing enterprises emerge as the primary drivers in advancing both new-quality productive forces and opening-up. This paper is based on the data of manufacturing enterprises from 2017 to 2021. It investigates the relationship between new-quality productive forces of enterprises and their export complexity, as well as the underlying mechanisms of influence, by examining relevant indicators such as export technological complexity. The research findings indicate that the new-quality productive forces of enterprises can effectively enhance their export technological complexity. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis reveals that the new-quality productive forces of enterprises primarily influence export technological complexity and thereby affect export complexity through the enterprises’ innovation capabilities. By further examining enterprises in different regions and with different ownership structures, it was found that the new-quality productive forces of enterprises in the eastern region have a significantly positive impact on export complexity. Meanwhile, the development of new-quality productive forces in non-state-owned enterprises exerts a more pronounced effect on the improvement of their export complexity. This paper, from the perspective of export technological complexity, investigates the impact and mechanism of new-quality productive forces of enterprise micro-subjects on export technological complexity, offering a novel research perspective for China’s high-quality development.