汉语受事主语句的话题结构教学——以初、中级阶段的对外汉语教学为例

Topic Structure Teaching of Chinese Patient-Subject Sentences—A Case Study in Elementary and Intermediate Chinese as a Foreign Language

摘要: 受事主语句是现代汉语中体现汉语话题优先特点的一种句式，常出现在中国人口语对话中。但在目前的对外汉语实际教学中，受事主语句的教学常与被动句相联系，大多数情况下，受事主语句被归为无标记被动句的一种表现形式。由于较少作为一种独立句式受到关注，受事主语句在汉语表达上体现的话题优先性也容易被忽略。本文尝试将话题结构理论对汉语受事主语句的分析与初中级的对外汉语教学相结合，培养汉语学习者的话题优先意识，深入了解汉语受事主语句乃至范围更大的汉语话题句。

Abstract: The patient-subject sentence is a sentence structure in modern Chinese that reflects the topic-prominent nature of the Chinese language, and it frequently appears in spoken conversations among Chinese speakers. However, in current practical teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the instruction of patient-subject sentences is often associated with passive sentences. In most cases, patient-subject sentences are categorized as a form of unmarked passive sentences. Due to the lack of attention as an independent sentence structure, the topic-prominent feature embodied by patient-subject sentences in Chinese expression is often overlooked. This paper attempts to integrate the analysis of Chinese patient-subject sentences from the perspective of topic structure theory with elementary and intermediate Chinese as a foreign language teaching, aiming to cultivate learners’ awareness of topic prominence and deepen their understanding of patient-subject sentences, as well as the broader category of Chinese topic-prominent sentences.