低龄儿童局灶性发作的临床症状与脑电图特征分析

Analysis of Clinical Manifestations and Electroencephalographic Characteristics of Focal Seizures in Young Children

摘要: 癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病，局灶性癫痫是癫痫中最常见的一种类型，它可以在任何年龄发病，在低龄儿童中并不少见，两岁以下的婴幼儿就属于低龄儿童的范畴。低龄儿童局灶性癫痫发作可分为运动性发作与非运动性发作，因症状隐匿和语言表达受限易被漏诊或误诊。视频脑电图是诊断与定位致痫灶的核心手段，然而，低龄儿童脑电图检查同样有其特点。早期识别发作类型、精准定位致痫灶及明确病因对制定个体化治疗方案、改善预后至关重要。未来需进一步优化多方面评估体系，以应对低龄儿童脑发育动态性及癫痫异质性带来的挑战。

Abstract: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder, with focal epilepsy being the most common type. It can manifest at any age and is not uncommon among young children, including those under the age of two, who fall within the category of very young children. Focal epilepsy in this age group can be classified into motor and non-motor seizures, which are often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to subtle symptoms and limited verbal expression. Video electroencephalography is the cornerstone for diagnosing and localizing epileptogenic foci; however, EEG in young children has its unique characteristics. Early identification of seizure types, precise localization of epileptogenic foci, and clarification of etiology are crucial for developing individualized treatment plans and improving prognosis. Future efforts should focus on optimizing multimodal assessment systems to address the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of brain development and the heterogeneity of epilepsy in young children.