建筑施工风险评价与模型研究

Research on Construction Risk Assessment and Model

摘要: 建筑施工作为高风险行业，其安全问题一直是社会关注的重点。本文基于人–机–环境系统的分析方法，构建了包括人、机、环及人机交互四个风险因素的一级指标体系，并设计了相应的二级指标，进而建立了建筑施工风险评价指标体系。通过运用主观赋权法G1法，确定了各指标的权重，并提出了一种基于云模型的风险评价方法。通过青岛某住宅建筑施工案例的实际应用，验证了该模型的有效性。根据评估结果，本文进一步提出了针对性的施工作业风险控制措施。研究为提升建筑施工安全管理水平提供了新的思路。

Abstract: As a high-risk industry, safety issues in construction have always been a focus of social attention. This article is based on the analysis method of the human machine environment system, and constructs a first level indicator system that includes four risk factors: human, machine, environment, and human-computer interaction. Corresponding second level indicators are designed, and a construction risk evaluation indicator system is established. By using the subjective weighting method G1, the weights of each indicator were determined, and a cloud based risk assessment method was proposed. The effectiveness of the model was verified through the practical application of a residential construction case in Qingdao. Based on the evaluation results, this article further proposes targeted risk control measures for construction operations. The research provides new ideas for improving the level of construction safety management.