血小板/淋巴细胞比值在肝脏疾病中的研究进展
Research Advances of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Liver Disease
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.154965, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 谢 巧:西安医学院研究生工作部,陕西 西安;王临旭*:空军军医大学第二附属医院传染科,陕西 西安
关键词: 血小板/淋巴细胞比值肝脏疾病Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Liver Disease
摘要: 血小板/淋巴细胞比值(Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, PLR)作为一种反映全身性炎症标志物,因其易于获取、计算方法简便以及成本较低等优势,在肝脏疾病的研究中受到广泛关注。本文综述了PLR在病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝硬化以及原发性肝癌等方面的研究进展,重点关注其在疾病监测和预后评估中的潜在应用价值。
Abstract: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as a marker of systemic inflammation, has attracted much attention in the study of liver diseases due to its easy accessibility, simple calculation method and low cost. In this article, we review the research progress of PLR in viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer, focusing on its potential application in disease monitoring and prognostic assessment.
文章引用:谢巧, 王临旭. 血小板/淋巴细胞比值在肝脏疾病中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(4): 543-549. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.154965

1. 引言

肝脏在人体的物质合成、代谢、解毒等多个方面发挥重要作用。肝脏疾病已成为威胁人类生命健康的主要疾病之一,可造成每年约200万人死亡,给社会和经济发展带来沉重的负担[1]。先前的研究已证实,炎症反应在肝脏疾病的发生与发展过程中起到了关键作用。血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, PLR)是一种新型炎症标志物,能够有效反映机体的炎症程度及免疫平衡状态,在心血管疾病[2]、肾脏病[3]、风湿免疫疾病[4]等疾病的诊断、预后评估和治疗监测中展现出重要的临床价值。近年来大量研究揭示了PLR与肝脏疾病的相关性,本文就PLR与病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝硬化以及原发性肝癌的关系进行综述。

2. PLR概述

血小板和炎症之间存在相互调节的关系,当肝组织受到损伤时,血小板会迅速被激活,聚集到受损区域,释放出多种炎症因子,进而招募更多的炎症细胞进入受损的肝组织,形成炎症反应的加剧,形成恶性循环[5]。淋巴细胞作为免疫系统的重要组成部分,在正常情况下维持着人体免疫系统的平衡与调节。当病原体入侵或损伤信号出现时,淋巴细胞会被激活并参与炎症反应,发挥其在免疫应答中的关键作用[6]。淋巴细胞计数的降低通常提示机体处于应激状态,且与整体健康状况的下降密切相关[7]。血小板/淋巴细胞比值综合了血小板和淋巴细胞两种血液学参数,形成一个新的复合炎性指标,能够更全面地反映机体的炎症和免疫状态,比单独的血小板或淋巴细胞绝对值更加稳定可靠[8]。PLR受多种因素的影响,包括性别、年龄、地区等。在中国健康成年人中,平均PLR值为99。此外,女性的PLR值通常高于男性,而年轻人的PLR值则显著高于老年人[9]-[11]。作为一种可通过血常规检测得到的简单生物标志物,PLR已被广泛应用于预测恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病和感染性疾病等的预后和发病率。

3. PLR与病毒性肝炎

病毒性肝炎是由不同病毒引起的以肝脏炎症为主要特征的疾病,持续的炎症反应可导致肝细胞功能下降和全身性炎症反应增加,并伴有不同程度的肝纤维化。我国是病毒性肝炎的高发区,部分肝炎患者可演变成慢性肝炎,进而演变为肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌,对人民健康构成威胁。

慢性乙型肝炎(Chronic hepatitis B, CHB)是我国常见的慢性传染病之一。肝脏炎症和纤维化的早期诊断和准确评估对于控制慢性乙型肝炎的进展很重要,近年有研究发现PLR与肝纤维化程度和肝脏炎症有一定联系。Ding等[12]观察到在457例接受肝活检和常规实验室检查的CHB患者中,PLR与肝组织学评分存在统计学上显著的负相关,对晚期纤维化(S3-4)和肝硬化(S4)具有良好的分期性能,最佳截断值分别为9.67 (AUC = 0.72)和74.27 (AUC = 0.76)。这些与Lu等[13]之前的研究结果一致。Kosekli等[14]发现PLR在慢性乙型肝炎患者中下降,中位值在健康对照组、轻度纤维化、晚期纤维化对照组的中位PLR分别为122 (64~197)%、99.5 (36~259)%和119 (61~1547)%,而且PLR与ISHAK肝纤维化评分显著正相关,但在诊断晚期肝纤维化方面表现不佳。国内一项回顾性研究显示与无肝损伤组相比,肝损伤组的PLR水平升高,但是PLR与肝功能指标无相关性[15]。然而另一项前瞻性多中心研究结果显示,PLR与慢性肝炎严重程度无关。此外,PLR与CHB患者的早期病毒学反应密切相关[16]。Zhao等[17]回顾性分析了172名HBV感染者,结果显示PLR与血清HBV DNA血清和血清HBeAg之间存在显著相关性。同样的,徐等[18]研究结果显示,CHB患者的基线PLR水平与病毒载量下降幅度呈正相关性,说明高基线PLR水平预示着较好的病毒学应答。

丙型肝炎病毒感染是一个重大的公共卫生问题,是主要的传染病之一。机体免疫相关细胞如淋巴细胞、血小板,在丙型肝炎病毒感染过程中发挥重要作用。与NLR不同,PLR是评估丙肝患者肝纤维程度的良好标志物。Fayed等[19]通过一项前瞻性病例对照研究揭示了PLR与纤维化分期和五个无创纤维化指数(APRI、CDS、Fib-4、GUCI、Lok指数)呈负相关,对于晚期纤维化的诊断效能较低。Catanzaro等[20]进一步探索出PLR值 ≥ 89.00是肝纤维化患者(非F4纤维化组)和已进入肝硬化阶段的患者(F4纤维化组)之间的分界点。Meng等[21]首次报道了PLR与HCV相关肝病患者的疾病严重程度密切相关,而且PLR是HCV清除的良好指标,PLR增加表明病毒学应答良好。然而邵等[22]在其研究中提出PLR、NLR、与慢性HCV感染者病毒载量之间无相关性。Wróblewska等[23]对42例隐匿性丙型肝炎状态的患者进行了长期随访,发现PLR升高与死亡率相关。

4. PLR与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)是最常见的慢性肝病,其疾病谱包括非酒精性肝脂肪变、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌等,是一种与肥胖、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和遗传易感密切相关的代谢性肝损伤[24]。Chen等[25]研究发现,PLR和WBC/MPV与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者NAFLD的发生呈负相关,且PLR联合WBC/MPV在BMI < 28 kg/m2和年龄 ≥ 60岁亚组中预测NAFLD效能优于传统指标,而在BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2中则没有。Choe等[26]也发现NAFLD患者的PLR显著升高,且仅在无MS的非肥胖(BMI < 25 kg/m2)亚组中,PLR与NAFLD独立相关,而Duan等[27]研究发现肥胖儿童的PLR和NAFLD无相关性。这些表明非代谢紊乱人群可能更适合PLR的应用。最新一项关于NAFLD患者的PLR的荟萃分析表明[28],与非NAFLD对照组相比,NAFLD患者的PLR水平明显降低,中国和美国患者更为明显,这与之前的研究结果一致,表明PLR可能是NAFLD的保护因素。

PLR在NAFLD病情发展的不同阶段发挥动态调节作用国外一项大样本横断面研究中[29],PLR值低于184.74时,与NAFLD的发生风险呈负线性相关,在非糖尿病人群中表现出更高的诊断准确性。研究进一步发现PLR与肝硬化风险呈U型关系:PLR ≤ 130.5时,PLR降低与肝硬化风险增加相关;PLR > 130.5时,PLR升高则风险上升。然而另一项研究显示PLR和NAFLD风险呈倒“U”形非线性剂量反应,分段回归和阈值分析中结果显示ln(PLR)的拐点值为4.64,当ln(PLR)低于4.64时,ln(PLR)每增加一个单位,NAFLD风险增加0.55倍。相反,当ln(PLR)超过4.64时,ln(PLR)每增加一个单位与NAFLD风险降低0.40倍相关[30]。此外,该项研究结果还显示PLR基线对术后预测脂肪肝分级变化无效。PLR在NAFLD中的临床意义需结合人群特征及疾病阶段综合评估,两者的因果关系以及潜在机制仍不清楚,值得进一步研究。

5. PLR与肝硬化

肝硬化是各种慢性肝病的最后阶段,其病理阶段以肝脏慢性炎症、弥漫性纤维化、假小叶、再生结节和肝内外血管增殖为特征。多项研究表明PLR可用于评估肝硬化严重程度和并发症。Pomacu等[31]表明PLR在HBV/HCV肝硬化组高于酒精性肝硬化组,但和健康对照组无差异。然而Zhu等[32]研究发现PLR在肝硬化患者中显著低于健康人,可用于诊断肝硬化。施等[33]也报道PLR水平与肝硬化严重程度相关,CHB肝硬化失代偿期患者的PLR水平明显低于肝硬化代偿期。Zhao [17]等报道PLR在区分HBV-CC和HBV-AC患者方面准确可靠,其灵敏度(79.4%)和特异性(82.0%)均高于NLR (灵敏度20.6%;特异性88%),包含PLR和年龄在内的逻辑回归模型能最准确地区分HBV-CC和HBV-AC患者。Metawea [34]等分析了149例丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)相关性肝硬化患者,发现PLR和MELD-Na评分相关,在HCC组和非HCC组以及SBP组和非SBP组之间没有差异。国内一项研究结果显示PLR < 78.63是肝硬化的独立危险因素,还发现合并消化道出血、自发性腹膜炎和肝性脑病的CHB肝硬化患者PLR水平比无并发症者比较更低[35]。Nie等[36]发现PLR在肝硬化患者合并门静脉血栓水平较高,是门静脉血栓形成的独立危险因素,与Xing等[37]、Han等[38]之前的研究结果一致。Wang等[39]提出高PLR与肝硬化患者EVL术后早期出血独立相关,再出血风险随着PLR的增加而上升。

6. PLR与原发性肝癌

原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,早期难以被发现,具有潜伏期长、发病率和死亡率高的特点。PLR最早被用来预测恶性肿瘤的预后,近年来研究证明PLR与肝癌预后密切相关。Chen等[40]揭示PLR是诊断HCC的生物标志物,ROC曲线显示AUC、敏感性、特异性分别为0.912%、81.2%、80.6%,均显著高于NLR、PLT、NEU和LYM。Liu等[41]在研究中探讨了PLR、NLR、MLR动态变化与原发性肝癌患者的关系,发现首次免疫治疗前基线NLR < 3.38、MLR < 0.28或PLR < 227.18患者的PFS显著更长,并且较低的PLR、NLR和MLR与BCLC较早分期、转移部位较少、肝外转移频率较低或表现状态较好相关。Dertli等[42]前瞻性研究了105名肝硬化伴肝癌患者,发现PLR、NLR与肿瘤的晚期分期相关,且低PLR组(PLR < 100.29)、低NLR组(<2.7)生存率高于高PLR组(PLR > 100.29)、高NLR组(NLR > 2.7)。

此外,PLR对肝癌术后的预后及复发有预测价值。Zheng等[43]进行了一项荟萃分析,比较了肝切除术后HBV相关肝癌患者的不同NLR和PLR水平之间的总生存期和无进展生存期,结果显示,高NLR患者的总生存期和无进展生存期较差,而PLR降低与肝切除术后复发的低风险和更好的生存率显著相关。Hosoda [44]等招募了338名肝癌根治术后患者,其中47例患者(13.9%)在术后6个月内复发。PLR与术后早期复发显著相关,最佳截断值为133 (AUC = 0.85),logistic回归分析确定PLR为早期复发的独立预后因素。同时,高PLR与较高的DCP、较大的肿瘤直径和较差的组织学分化明显相关。Cui等[45]研究PLR与肝癌移植术后预后的关系,发现存活组PLR显著高于死亡组,cox多因素分析显示PLR (>82.15)是无病生存期的独立危险因素,生存分析中低PLR组的5年DFS率明显更高。

7. 结语

PLR作为一种简单、有效、相对便宜的系统性炎症标志物,与病毒性肝炎、NAFLD、肝硬化、原发性肝癌等肝脏疾病存在密切联系,对这些疾病的严重程度、预后等具有一定的预测价值,但是仍存在一些不足。首先,PLR的研究多为回顾性研究,缺乏大样本、多中心的前瞻性研究,这限制了其在临床实践中的广泛应用。其次PLR的最佳截断值在不同疾病和研究中存在差异,缺乏统一的标准,这可能影响其在临床应用中的准确性和可比性。此外,PLR在肝脏疾病中的潜在机制也需要深入研究,以揭示其在肝脏疾病发生发展中的具体作用。未来的研究应致力于解决这些不足之处,进一步验证PLR在肝脏疾病监测和预后评估中的应用价值,以期为临床实践提供更有力的依据。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

参考文献

[1] Devarbhavi, H., Asrani, S.K., Arab, J.P., Nartey, Y.A., Pose, E. and Kamath, P.S. (2023) Global Burden of Liver Disease: 2023 Update. Journal of Hepatology, 79, 516-537.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017
[2] Pruc, M., Peacock, F.W., Rafique, Z., Swieczkowski, D., Kurek, K., Tomaszewska, M., et al. (2023) The Prognostic Role of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 6903.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216903
[3] Gan, W., Guan, Q., Hu, X., Zeng, X., Shao, D., Xu, L., et al. (2022) The Association between Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Urology and Nephrology, 54, 2959-2967.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03234-0
[4] Zinellu, A., Paliogiannis, P. and Mangoni, A.A. (2024) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 24, Article No. 170.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-024-01438-5
[5] Nicolai, L. and Massberg, S. (2020) Platelets as Key Players in Inflammation and Infection. Current Opinion in Hematology, 27, 34-40.
https://doi.org/10.1097/moh.0000000000000551
[6] Chen, K.Y., De Giovanni, M., Xu, Y., An, J., Kirthivasan, N., Lu, E., et al. (2025) Inflammation Switches the Chemoattractant Requirements for Naive Lymphocyte Entry into Lymph Nodes. Cell, 188, 1019-1035.e22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.031
[7] Qin, L., Jing, X., Qiu, Z., Cao, W., Jiao, Y., Routy, J., et al. (2016) Aging of Immune System: Immune Signature from Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in 1068 Healthy Adults. Aging, 8, 848-859.
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100894
[8] Li, H., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., Han, S. and Zhou, L. (2017) The Prognostic Value of the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kardiologia Polska, 75, 666-673.
https://doi.org/10.5603/kp.a2017.0068
[9] Luo, H., He, L., Zhang, G., Yu, J., Chen, Y., Yin, H., et al. (2019) Normal Reference Intervals of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio, and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Healthy Adults: A Large Multi-Center Study from Western China. Clinical Laboratory, 65, 255-265.
https://doi.org/10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180715
[10] Wang, J., Zhang, F., Jiang, F., Hu, L., Chen, J. and Wang, Y. (2021) Distribution and Reference Interval Establishment of Neutral‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte‐to‐Monocyte Ratio (LMR), and Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Chinese Healthy Adults. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 35, e23935.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23935
[11] Fei, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Huang, M., Chen, X. and Zhang, C. (2020) Reference Intervals of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio, Mean Platelet Volume to Platelet Ratio, Mean Platelet Volume and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-Standard Deviation in Healthy Han Adults in Wuhan Region in Central China. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 80, 500-507.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00365513.2020.1793220
[12] Ding, R., Zhou, X., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Li, X., Yan, L., et al. (2021) Predictive Performances of Blood Parameter Ratios for Liver Inflammation and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. BioMed Research International, 2021, Article ID: 6644855.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644855
[13] Lu, W., Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Zhang, T., Zhang, L., Gao, N., et al. (2019) Evaluation and Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Routine Blood Tests in Predicting Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 76, 137-142.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2019.1615717
[14] Kosekli, M.A. (2021) Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet to Lymphocyte Count Ratio Are Associated with Hepatitis B-Related Liver Fibrosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 34, 324-327.
https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002219
[15] Dong, H., Feng, J., Chang, X., Wu, S., Tang, G., Liang, F., et al. (2024) Predictive Value of Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Tuberculosis Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study. Medicine, 103, e40349.
https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000040349
[16] Dong, F.C., Tan, W.T., Wang, X.B., Zheng, X., Huang, Y., Li, B.L., et al. (2022) The Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Represents a Systemic Inflammation Marker and Reflects the Relationship with 90‐Day Mortality in Non‐Cirrhotic Chronic Severe Hepatitis. Journal of Digestive Diseases, 23, 587-596.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.13143
[17] Zhao, Z., Liu, J., Wang, J., Xie, T., Zhang, Q., Feng, S., et al. (2017) Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Are Associated with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection. International Immunopharmacology, 51, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.007
[18] 徐云芳, 刘兴祥, 赵云, 等. 血小板与淋巴细胞比率对恩替卡韦治疗基因C型慢性乙型肝炎患者早期病毒学应答的预测[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2017, 35(5): 268-271.
[19] Fayed, H.M., Mahmoud, H.S. and Elaiw Mohamed Ali, A. (2020) The Utility of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Predicting Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients in Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 13, 53-63.
https://doi.org/10.2147/ceg.s229689
[20] Catanzaro, R., Sciuto, M., Lanzafame, C., Balakrishnan, B. and Marotta, F. (2020) Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis (on Elastography) in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Related Liver Disease. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 39, 253-260.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-020-01038-7
[21] Meng, X., Wei, G., Chang, Q., Peng, R., Shi, G., Zheng, P., et al. (2016) The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Superior to the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Correlates with Hepatitis C Virus Infection. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 45, 72-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.025
[22] 邵林楠, 韩梅, 于南. 系统性炎症生物指标与丙型肝炎病毒RNA载量的相关性研究[J]. 感染、炎症、修复, 2024, 25(4): 269-273.
[23] Wróblewska, A., Gliwiński, M., Rybicka, M., Cheba, M., Lorenc, B., Trzonkowski, P., et al. (2024) Residual HCV-RNA and Elevated Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Poor Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C after Treatment. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 14, 305-315.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-01101-2
[24] Sun, X., Seidman, J.S., Zhao, P., Troutman, T.D., Spann, N.J., Que, X., et al. (2020) Neutralization of Oxidized Phospholipids Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Metabolism, 31, 189-206.e8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.014
[25] Chen, M., Wang, B., Huang, J., Zhao, J., Chen, J. and Chen, G. (2022) The Role of Platelet-Related Parameters for the Prediction of NAFLD in OSAHS Patients. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22, Article No. 487.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-02291-6
[26] Choe, E.K. and Kang, H.Y. (2024) The Association between Platelet-Related Parameters and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Metabolically Healthy Nonobese Population. Scientific Reports, 14, Article No. 6118.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56796-7
[27] Duan, Y., Luo, J., Pan, X., Wei, J., Xiao, X., Li, J., et al. (2022) Association between Inflammatory Markers and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 991393.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.991393
[28] Yan, C., Zhang, W., Xiao, Y., Sun, Y., Peng, X. and Cai, W. (2024) The Predictive Role of the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, Article 1376894.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1376894
[29] Pozza, G., Samardzic, N., Giudici, F., Casagranda, B., De Manzini, N. and Palmisano, S. (2023) Inflammatory-Nutritional Scores in the Diagnosis of NASH and Liver Fibrosis. Minerva Medica, 114, 29-34.
https://doi.org/10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07665-5
[30] Radkhah, H., Alirezaei, A., Parhizkar, P., Khalooeifard, R., Khoundabi, B., Najjari, K., et al. (2024) Insights into the Clinical Impact of Complete Blood Cell Inflammatory Markers on Body Composition Variations and Fatty Liver Grading in Iranian Adults Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 86, 4990-4998.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002257
[31] Pomacu, M., Trașcă, M., Pădureanu, V., Bugă, A., Andrei, A., Stănciulescu, E., et al. (2021) Interrelation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Liver Cirrhosis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, Article No. 602.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10034
[32] Zhu, X. and Zhou, H. (2022) Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio Can Distinguish Patients with Liver Cirrhosis from Healthy People but Cannot Distinguish Patients with Cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 9, 1127-1136.
https://doi.org/10.2147/jhc.s387189
[33] 施海东, 马建明. PLR和NLR与慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的相关性研究[J]. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2020, 25(9): 1156-1162, 1167.
[34] Metawea, M. and El Moteleub, H. (2022) Diagnostic Role of Simple Indices in HCV-Related Liver Cirrhosis Outcomes: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 8, 29-35.
https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114169
[35] 董志鹏, 杨自坚, 孙静美, 等. 血小板/淋巴细胞比值、白蛋白/球蛋白比值对慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的预测价值[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2023, 33(14): 1745-1748, 1753.
[36] Nie, G., Yan, J., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Xie, D., Zhu, X., et al. (2024) Predictive Model for Non-Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis Associated with Cirrhosis Based on Inflammatory Biomarkers. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 16, 1213-1226.
https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1213
[37] Xing, Y., Tian, Z., Jiang, Y., Guan, G., Niu, Q., Sun, X., et al. (2022) A Practical Nomogram Based on Systemic Inflammatory Markers for Predicting Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Annals of Medicine, 54, 302-309.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2028893
[38] Han, J., Shu, Q., Zhang, Y. and Yi, Y. (2021) Predictive Value of Inflammation Biomarkers in Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 9, 384-391.
https://doi.org/10.14218/jcth.2020.00159
[39] Wang, W., Ju, H., Zhang, W., Ma, C. and He, C. (2024) Relationship between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Early Rebleeding after Endoscopic Variceal Ligation: A Bicenter Retrospective Study. Annals of Medicine, 56, Article ID: 2400315.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2400315
[40] Chen, X., Mohammed, A.F. and Li, C. (2024) Assessment of the Clinical Value of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 30, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296231221535
[41] Liu, S., Xu, W., Shu, H., Dai, Y., Du, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) Associations of Circulating Immunomarkers with the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Primary Hepatic Carcinoma. Cancer Medicine, 12, 21830-21848.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.6754
[42] Dertli, R., Asil, M., Biyik, M., Karakarcayildiz, A., Keskin, M., Göktepe, H.M., et al. (2020) Can Hematological Inflammatory Parameters Predict Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, 52, 666-675.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-020-00448-2
[43] Zheng, X., Ye, B., Gou, Y., Li, Z., Chen, C., Liao, F., et al. (2021) Neutrophil to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios as Biomarkers to Predict Relapse and Survival in Posthepatectomy HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis and Preliminary Immune Perspective. Translational Cancer Research, 10, 1261-1272.
https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-3125
[44] Hosoda, K., Umemura, K., Shimizu, A., Kubota, K., Notake, T., Kitagawa, N., et al. (2023) The Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Is a Complementary Prognostic Factor to Tumor Markers in Predicting Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 129, 765-774.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.27564
[45] Cui, S., Cao, S., Chen, Q., He, Q. and Lang, R. (2023) Preoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response Index Predicts the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, Article 1118053.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118053