青藏高原冻土退化对气候的响应及环境效应

Response of Permafrost Degradation to Climate Change and Environmental Effects on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

摘要: 作为全球海拔最高的独特自然地理单元，青藏高原对局部、区域乃至全球天气和气候系统具有显著影响。文章基于青藏高原地区温度、降水因素，对地温和冻土现今发生的变化进行分析，并了解其产生的影响。青藏高原地区由于温度不断趋暖，降水变率增大，以及地温的升高，使一些多年冻土转变为季节性冻土，季节性冻土出现不衔接冻土和融化夹层。另一方面，由于高原对于气候变化反应敏感，不同地区冻土受到气候因素的影响消减程度也不同。冻土退缩及其对环境和人类活动的影响也存在很大的不确定性。

Abstract: As the unique natural geographical unit with the highest elevation in the world, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has a significant impact on local, regional, and even global weather and climate systems. Based on temperature and precipitation factors in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region, this paper analyzes the current changes in ground temperature and permafrost and understands their impacts. Due to the continuous warming of temperature, increased variability in precipitation, and rising ground temperature in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region, some permafrost has been transformed into seasonal frozen ground, with discontinuous frozen ground and thawed interlayers appearing in the seasonal frozen ground. On the other hand, as the plateau is highly sensitive to climate change, the degree of reduction in permafrost in different areas due to climatic factors also varies. There is also great uncertainty in the retreat of permafrost and its impacts on the environment and human activities.