中国抑郁症发病率及预后趋势的综合性分析——基于CHARLS、CLHLS与CHNS数据库的多维度研究

Comprehensive Analysis of the Incidence and Prognostic Trends of Depression in China—A Multidimensional Study Based on CHARLS, CLHLS, and CHNS Databases

摘要: 本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)、中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)及中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)的数据，系统分析了中国抑郁症的发病率现状、核心影响因素及预后趋势。研究发现，中国抑郁症患者数量已超过9500万，且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。农村地区、女性、老年人群及低收入群体是抑郁症的高危人群。慢性疾病、缺乏社会支持、经济压力及不良生活方式是抑郁症发病的核心影响因素。研究还指出，中国抑郁症的预后存在显著异质性，农村地区慢性化风险较高，且治疗缺口大，基层心理健康服务不足。未来需强化多库数据整合，优化基层心理健康服务，设计文化适应性干预策略，并将经济保障与心理健康联动，以实现抑郁症发病率的有效控制与预后的全面改善。

Abstract: This study systematically analyzes the current status of depression incidence, core influencing factors, and prognostic trends in China based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The findings reveal that the number of depression patients in China has exceeded 95 million, with the incidence rate showing arise trend. Rural areas, women, the elderly, and low-income groups are identified as high-risk populations for depression. Chronic diseases, lack of social support, economic pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles are identified as core factors influencing the onset of depression. The study also highlights significant heterogeneity in the prognosis of depression in China, with higher chronicity risks in rural areas, substantial treatment gaps, and insufficient grassroots mental health services. Moving forward, it is essential to strengthen the integration of multi-database data, optimize grassroots mental health services, design culturally adaptive intervention strategies, and link economic security with mental health to achieve effective control of depression incidence and comprehensive improvement in prognosis.