煤矸石堆场自然恢复过程中植物根际养分研究

Study on Nutrient Characteristics of Plant Rhizosphere in Spontaneous Recovery Plants of Coal Gangue Dump

摘要: 为探究煤矸石堆场自然恢复不同植物根际养分特征，本研究通过对堆场的八种植物根际煤矸石理化性质、有机碳及有效养分含量进行分析，明确不同植物对根际煤矸石养分特征的影响。结果表明：灯芯草(Juncus effusus)、酸模(Rumex acetosa)及苏门百酒(Erigeron sumatrensis)根际矸石pH较对照(CK)分别提高了3.43、3.86、3.18个单位，而类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)和酸模根际煤矸石的EC值较低；酸模根际煤矸石中有效磷、速效钾及有机碳含量明显高于其它植物，而辣蓼根际碱解氮含量最高。另外，除酸模外，辣蓼也能显著提高有效磷、速效钾及有机碳含量。综上，酸模和辣蓼在提高煤矸石的养分方面均具有较好的效果，二者均有助于促进矿区生态系统的恢复。因此，贵州煤矸石矿区植被恢复可优先选用酸模和辣蓼。

Abstract: To explore the nutrient characteristics of the rhizosphere of spontaneous recovery plants in coal gangue dumps, the study analyzed the physicochemical properties, organic carbon, and available nutrient content of the rhizosphere coal gangue of eight plant species, clarifying the impact of different plants on the nutrient characteristics of the rhizosphere coal gangue. The results indicated that the rhizosphere pH of Juncus effusus, Rumex acetosa, and Erigeron sumatrensis increased by 3.43, 3.86, and 3.18 units, respectively, while the EC values of Neyraudia reynaudiana and Rumex acetosa rhizosphere gangue were lower. The content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic carbon in the rhizosphere of Rumex acetosa were significantly higher than in other plants, while the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the rhizosphere of Polygonum hydropiper was the highest. Additionally, apart from Rumex acetosa, Polygonum hydropiper can also significantly increase the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic carbon. In summary, both Rumex acetosa and Polygonum hydropiper had good effects in improving the nutrient content of coal gangue, and both were helpful in promoting the restoration of the ecosystem in mining areas. Therefore, in the vegetation restoration of the coal gangue mining areas in Guizhou, Rumex acetosa and Polygonum hydropiper should be given priority consideration.