聚苯胺纳米粒子的可控制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

The Controllable Preparation and Properties of Polymer Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor

摘要: 聚苯胺(PANI)因其较高的电导率、良好的环境稳定性和高赝电容特性，在能源存储领域受到广泛关注。本文采用原位聚合法，分别以纳米Fe₃O₄和SiO₂为模板，成功制备了尺寸约为30 nm的Fe₃O₄@PANI纳米粒子和直径约为100 nm的单分散SiO₂@PANI纳米球。通过将上述尺寸可控的纳米粒子引入MXene基体中，制得Fe₃O₄@PANI/MXene和SiO₂@PANI/MXene复合膜，二者展现出增强的电容性能。Fe₃O₄@PANI/MXene和SiO₂@PANI/MXene所组装的超级电容器的比电容分别为193.7 F/g (1 A/g)和197.3 F/g (2 A/g)，显著优于纯的MXene (168.8 F/g)。此外，基于SiO₂@PANI/MXene的超级电容器还表现出优异的倍率性能。上述结果表明，聚苯胺纳米粒子的引入可有效改善MXene的电容性能，突显其在先进超级电容器应用中的潜在价值。

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) has garnered significant interest in energy storage applications owing to its superior electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and remarkable pseudocapacitive properties. In this study, Fe₃O₄@PANI nanoparticles (~30 nm in diameter) and monodisperse SiO₂@PANI nanospheres (~100 nm in diameter) were synthesized via an in situ polymerization method using nano-Fe₃O₄ and nano-SiO₂ as templates, respectively. The incorporation of these size-controlled nanoparticles into MXene matrices yielded Fe₃O₄@PANI/MXene and SiO₂@PANI/MXene composite films, both exhibiting enhanced capacitive performance. The fabricated supercapacitors demonstrated specific capacitances of 193.7 F∙g⁻¹ (at a current density of 1 A∙g⁻¹) for Fe₃O₄@PANI/MXene and 197.3 F∙g⁻¹ (at 2 A∙g⁻¹) for SiO₂@PANI/MXene, significantly surpassing that of pristine MXene (168.8 F∙g⁻¹). Furthermore, the SiO₂@PANI/MXene-based supercapacitor displayed outstanding rate capability. These findings highlight that the integration of PANI nanoparticles effectively improves the capacitive behavior of MXene, underscoring its promising potential for advanced supercapacitor applications.