湘西少数民族地区中小学生近视影响因素分析

Analysis of Factors Influencing Myopia in Primary and Middle School Students in Minority Areas of Xiangxi

摘要: 目的：对湘西地区中小学生近视影响因素进行分析。方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法在湘西地区随机抽取吉首市、永顺县小学与初中各1所，共4所学校，其中小学生抽取4至6年级学生，初中生抽取全部学生，每年级随机抽取1至3个班级共计2420名学生进行视力检查，并完成相关近视影响因素问卷。采用χ²检验比较不同影响因素对近视检出率的差异，将单因素中有统计学意义的纳入多因素logistic回归分析。结果：在2420名学生中，性别、父母亲近视、长时间用眼、郊县学生是近视的影响因素，充足睡眠、做眼保健操是近视的保护因素。结论：湘西地区中小学生近视率较高，应通过家长、学校、政府、专业机构共同协作，加强近视防控。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xiangxi region. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select one primary school and one junior high school in Jishou City and Yongshun County in Xiangxi region, totaling 4 schools. Among them, students from grades 4 to 6 in primary schools and all students in junior high schools were selected. One to three classes were randomly selected from each grade, totaling 2420 students, who underwent vision examinations and completed questionnaires on related myopia influencing factors. Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in myopia detection rates among different influencing factors. Factors with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 2420 students, gender, parents’ myopia, prolonged use of eyes, and students from suburban counties were identified as influencing factors for myopia, while adequate sleep and eye exercises were protective factors. Conclusion: The myopia rate among primary and secondary school students in Xiangxi region is relatively high. Joint efforts from parents, schools, the government, and professional institutions are needed to strengthen myopia prevention and control.