基于多源统计数据的城市交通碳排放核算

Carbon emission Accounting of Urban Transportation Based on Multi-Source Statistical Data

摘要: 本研究基于多源城市交通统计数据，分别采用了适用于不同交通方式的碳排放核算方法，包括行驶里程法、周转量法和机场起降法，对城市交通碳排放进行了核算。行驶里程法基于交通工具的行驶距离和单位里程的碳排放因子计算排放；周转量法根据客货运输的周转量和相应的排放因子计算排放；机场起降法则针对航空交通，基于起降次数和航空器的排放特性进行计算。这些方法结合统计数据、国家和地方的碳排放因子以及交通运输里程数据，可核算道路交通、铁路交通、城市轨道交通、水路交通和航空交通的碳排放量。以杭州市为例，研究利用2019~2021年的相关数据进行分析。结果显示，杭州市三年的交通总碳排放量分别为2011.37万吨、2199.55万吨和2493.60万吨。其中，道路交通碳排放占比超过90%，是交通碳排放的主要来源。小型客车是道路交通碳排放的主要贡献者，其次是重型货车。针对这一结果，建议优先从道路交通入手，特别是针对小型客车和重型货车采取有效的减排措施。基于杭州市交通碳排放的特征和挑战，本研究提出了三项低碳交通政策建议，以促进城市交通的可持续发展。

Abstract: Based on multi-source urban traffic statistical data, this study used carbon emission accounting methods suitable for different modes of transportation, including mileage method, turnover method and airport take-off and landing method, to calculate urban traffic carbon emissions. The mileage method calculates emissions based on the driving distance of the vehicle and the carbon emission factor per unit mileage; the turnover method calculates emissions based on the turnover of passenger and freight transportation and the corresponding emission factors; the airport take-off and landing method is for air traffic, based on the number of take-offs and landings and the emission characteristics of aircraft. These methods, combined with statistical data, national and local carbon emission factors, and transportation mileage data, can calculate the carbon emissions of road traffic, railway traffic, urban rail transit, waterway traffic and air traffic. Taking Hangzhou as an example, the study used relevant data from 2019 to 2021 for analysis. The results show that the total carbon emissions of Hangzhou’s transportation in the past three years were 20.1137 million tons, 21.9955 million tons and 24.9360 million tons respectively. Among them, road traffic carbon emissions account for more than 90%, which is the main source of transportation carbon emissions. Small passenger cars are the main contributors to road traffic carbon emissions, followed by heavy trucks. In view of this result, it is recommended to start with road traffic first, especially to take effective emission reduction measures for small passenger cars and heavy trucks. Based on the characteristics and challenges of carbon emissions from transportation in Hangzhou, this study puts forward three low-carbon transportation policy recommendations to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation.