数字经济背景下人口老龄化对居民消费水平的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Population Aging on Residents’ Consumption Level in the Context of the Digital Economy

摘要: 为了探究数字经济背景下人口老龄化与居民消费的相互关系以及作用机制，以2011年至2022年我国31个省/直辖市/自治区的面板数据为基础，运用双向固定模型针对人口老龄化给居民消费水平带来的影响展开实证分析，采用熵权法测度各地区的数字经济发展水平，以进一步分析数字经济的调节作用。经过分析得出以下结论：首先，人口老龄化显著降低了居民的消费水平；其次，数字经济在一定程度上可以对此起到缓解作用；最后，人口老龄化对居民消费所产生的影响在不同的数字经济发展梯队呈现显著的地区异质性特征，数字经济发展水平越低，抑制作用越强。针对以上分析结果，提出促进数字经济与居民消费协同发展的对策建议，为应对人口老龄化挑战提供新的思路，以促进我国经济高质量发展。

Abstract: In order to explore the interrelationship and mechanism between population aging and residents’ consumption in the context of the digital economy, data from 31 regions in China from the year of 2011 to 2022 and a two-way fixed model are used to empirically analyze the impact of population aging on residents’ consumption levels. At the same time, the entropy weight method is adopted to estimate each region’s digital economy level to further analyze the regulatory role of the digital economy on the impact of population aging on residents’ consumption. Conclusions are as follows: firstly, population aging trend distinctly inhibits Chinese consumption levels; secondly, the digital economy can alleviate the inhibitory effect of population aging on residents’ consumption to a certain extent; finally, the impact of population aging on residents’ consumption has regional heterogeneity in the development level of the digital economy. The lower the development level of the digital economy, the stronger the inhibitory effect. In response to the above analysis results, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the coordinated development of the digital economy and residents’ consumption, providing new ideas for dealing with the challenge of population aging and promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy.