同伴关系对高中生亲社会冒险行为的影响：一个有调节的链式中介模型
The Impact of Peer Relationship on Prosocial Risk-Taking Behavior among High School Students: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model
摘要: 为探讨同伴关系对高中生亲社会冒险行为的影响及作用机制，本研究选取儿童青少年同伴关系量表、自尊量表、公正世界信念量表、父母自主支持量表和青少年亲社会冒险行为量表，通过整群抽样的方式对1102名高中生进行施测。结果表明：(1) 同伴关系显著负向预测高中生亲社会冒险行为；(2) 同伴关系可通过自尊与公正世界信念的单独中介作用以及“自尊→公正世界信念”的链式中介作用影响高中生亲社会冒险行为；(3) 父母自主支持调节“同伴关系→自尊→公正世界信念→亲社会冒险行为”链式中介模型。研究提供了理论基础和实证支持以便引导和干预高中生的亲社会冒险行为。
Abstract: To explore the impact and mechanism of peer relationship on high school students’ prosocial risk-taking behavior, this study selected the children and adolescent peer relationship scale, self-esteem scale, belief in a just world scale, parental autonomy support scale, and adolescent prosocial risk-taking behavior scale. A total of 1102 high school students were tested through cluster sampling. The results indicate that: (1) Peer relationship significantly negatively predicts high school students’ prosocial risk-taking behavior; (2) Peer relationships can influence high school students’ prosocial risk-taking behavior through the individual mediating effect of self-esteem and belief in a just world, as well as the chain mediating effect of “self-esteem→belief in a just world”; (3) The chain mediation model of parental self-directed support regulating “peer relationships→self-esteem→belief in a just world→prosocial risk-taking behavior”. The study provides a theoretical foundation and empirical support to guide and intervene in high school students’ prosocial risk-taking behavior.
文章引用：吴小曼 (2025). 同伴关系对高中生亲社会冒险行为的影响：一个有调节的链式中介模型. 心理学进展, 15(4), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.154217

参考文献

[1] 蔡林(2020). 高中生学业自我效能感与学习投入的关系. 硕士学位论文, 天津: 天津师范大学.
[2] 曹呈旭, 七十三, 金童林, 安叶青, 曾小叶(2023). 自尊与宠辱不惊: 社会面子意识的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 31(6), 1405-1409.
[3] 窦凯, 黄义婷, 李菁菁, 聂衍刚(2020). 青少年亲社会冒险行为量表的修订及信效度检验. 中国健康心理学杂志, 28(10), 1538-1542.
[4] 冯雪珂, 窦凯, 唐滢(2024). 父母积极教养与青少年亲社会冒险行为: 有调节的中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 40(5), 658-666.
[5] 蒋思琴(2021). 人际信任与自尊在公正世界信念与青少年领导力关系中的作用及性别差异. 硕士学位论文, 长沙: 湖南师范大学.
[6] 李菁菁(2020). 同伴关系、自我控制与亲社会冒险行为的实证研究. 硕士学位论文, 广州: 广州大学.
[7] 苏志强, 张大均, 王鑫强(2012). 公正世界信念量表的修订及在大学生应用的信效度研究. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 21(6), 561-563.
[8] 孙惠莲(2013). 小学高年级学生自尊及其培养. 硕士学位论文, 大连: 辽宁师范大学.
[9] 田录梅, 袁竞驰, 李永梅(2018). 同伴在场和自尊水平对青少年冒险行为的影响: 来自ERPs的证据. 心理学报, 50(1), 47-57.
[10] 王萍, 高华, 许家玉, 黄金菊, 王成江(1998). 自尊量表信度效度研究. 山东精神医学, 11(4), 31-32, 22.
[11] 王斯麒, 赵彬璇, 吴红, 刘伟(2022). 婚姻质量对儿童亲社会行为的影响: 父母积极情绪表达和教养行为的链式中介作用及其性别差异. 心理发展与教育, 38(3), 323-330.
[12] 颜学新(2018). 人际亲密度对青少年亲社会冒险行为的影响: 中介与调节作用分析. 硕士学位论文, 西安: 陕西师范大学.
[13] 杨斌芳(2022). 青少年领域特定性亲社会冒险行为及其影响因素. 博士学位论文, 西安: 陕西师范大学.
[14] 张慧如, 朱海东, 贾晓珊, 麻超(2024). 主观社会地位对青少年亲社会冒险行为的影响: 有调节的链式中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 40(4), 488-498.
[15] 张景焕, 满达呼, 刘桂荣, 张舜, 窦菲菲, 林崇德(2013). 父母教养方式对小学高年级学生社会创造力的影响: 自尊的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 29(6), 595-603.
[16] 张俊(2023). 父母教养方式与初中生亲社会冒险行为的关系. 硕士学位论文, 石河子: 石河子大学.
[17] 张丽华, 张索玲, 宁微(2009). 师生关系、同伴关系影响青少年自尊的路径分析. 中国健康心理学杂志, 17(11), 1378-1381.
[18] 张莉, 李静雅, 赵景欣(2015). 父母支持与服刑青少年的情绪适应: 公正世界信念的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(6), 746-752.
[19] 张敏(2003). 儿童欺负行为与父母教养方式、个性特征和人际关系因素的关系研究. 硕士学位论文, 西安: 陕西师范大学.
[20] 张玮玮, 陈逸群, 朱莉琪(2023). “近朱者赤”: 同伴捐赠决策信息对青少年亲社会行为的影响及公正世界信念的作用. 心理学报, 55(9), 1453-1464.
[21] 赵新宇, 乔晓光, 邢晓沛(2024). 父母自主支持、10~12岁儿童的同伴关系与执行功能的动态互动关系: 一个发展级联模型. 心理与行为研究, 22(1), 55-63, 85.
[22] 周浩, 龙立荣(2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[23] 周宗奎, 孙晓军, 赵冬梅, 田媛, 范翠英(2015). 同伴关系的发展研究. 心理发展与教育, 31(1), 62-70.
[24] 朱鹏(2006). 同伴关系对初中生价值观的影响. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 华中科技大学.
[25] Armstrong‐Carter, E., & Telzer, E. H. (2024). The Development of Prosocial Risk‐Taking Behavior: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Child Development Perspectives.[CrossRef] 
[26] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design (Vol. 352). Harvard University Press.
[27] Dalbert, C. (1999). The World Is More Just for Me than Generally: About the Personal Belief in a Just World Scale’s Validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79-98.[CrossRef] 
[28] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-Determination in Personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134.[CrossRef] 
[29] Do, K. T., Guassi Moreira, J. F., & Telzer, E. H. (2017). But Is Helping You Worth the Risk? Defining Prosocial Risk Taking in Adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 260-271.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Edlund, J. E., Sagarin, B. J., & Johnson, B. S. (2007). Reciprocity and the Belief in a Just World. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 589-596.[CrossRef] 
[31] Edwards, A., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Reiser, M., Eggum‐Wilkens, N. D., & Liew, J. (2015). Predicting Sympathy and Prosocial Behavior from Young Children’s Dispositional Sadness. Social Development, 24, 76-94.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Guo, Y., Chen, X., Ma, J., Li, Y., & Hommey, C. (2022). How Belief in a Just World Leads to Prosocial Behaviours: The Role of Communal Orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 195, Article 111642.[CrossRef] 
[33] Hayes, A. F. (2012). Process: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Modeling.
[34] Huang, X., Hu, N., Yao, Z., & Peng, B. (2022). Family Functioning and Adolescent Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Esteem and Peer Relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 962147.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Jenkins, L. N., & Nickerson, A. B. (2017). Bullying Participant Roles and Gender as Predictors of Bystander Intervention. Aggressive Behavior, 43, 281-290.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Jiang, F., Yue, X., Lu, S., Yu, G., & Zhu, F. (2016). How Belief in a Just World Benefits Mental Health: The Effects of Optimism and Gratitude. Social Indicators Research, 126, 411-423.[CrossRef] 
[37] Jutengren, G., & Medin, E. (2019). Cross-Ethnic Friendship and Prosocial Behavior’s Potential Significance to Elementary Children’s Academic Competence. The Journal of Educational Research, 112, 38-45.[CrossRef] 
[38] Lam, C. B., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2014). Time with Peers from Middle Childhood to Late Adolescence: Developmental Course and Adjustment Correlates. Child Development, 85, 1677-1693.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Lei, X., Nie, Q., Chen, C., & Teng, Z. (2023). Violent Video Game Exposure and Bullying Perpetration among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Belief in a Just World. Aggressive Behavior, 49, 701-709.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Mahmoud, J. S. R., Staten, R., Lennie, T. A., & Hall, L. A. (2015). The Relationships of Coping, Negative Thinking, Life Satisfaction, Social Support, and Selected Demographics with Anxiety of Young Adult College Students. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 28, 97-108.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Malamut, S. T., Trach, J., Garandeau, C. F., & Salmivalli, C. (2023). Does Defending Victimized Peers Put Youth at Risk of Being Victimized? Child Development, 94, 380-394.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Moscardino, U., Miconi, D., & Carraro, L. (2020). Implicit and Explicit Self-Construals in Chinese-Heritage and Italian Nonimmigrant Early Adolescents: Associations with Self-Esteem and Prosocial Behavior. Developmental Psychology, 56, 1397-1412.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Riaz, M., Tariq, S., Hanif, R., & Riaz, M. (2013). Self‐Esteem as Predictor of Belief in Just World among University Students: The Moderating Role of Personality Factors. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 39, 205-212.
[44] Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press.
[45] Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., & La Guardia, J. G. (2015). The Significance of Autonomy and Autonomy Support in Psychological Development and Psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology: Theory and Method (2nd ed., pp. 795-849). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[46] Sang, Q., Kang, Q., Zhang, K., Shu, S., & Quan, L. (2023). The Effect of Just-World Beliefs on Cyberaggression: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 13, Article 500.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Thompson, H. M., Wojciak, A. S., & Cooley, M. E. (2016). Self-Esteem: A Mediator between Peer Relationships and Behaviors of Adolescents in Foster Care. Children and Youth Services Review, 66, 109-116.[CrossRef] 
[48] Wang, C., Yuan, B., & Wang, D. (2023). Peer Relationships Mediate the Relationship between Belief in a Just World and Life Satisfaction in Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18, 3043-3059.[CrossRef] 
[49] Wang, Q., Pomerantz, E. M., & Chen, H. (2007). The Role of Parents’ Control in Early Adolescents’ Psychological Functioning: A Longitudinal Investigation in the United States and China. Child Development, 78, 1592-1610.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Wood, A. P., Dawe, S., & Gullo, M. J. (2013). The Role of Personality, Family Influences, and Prosocial Risk‐Taking Behavior on Substance Use in Early Adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 871-881.[CrossRef] [PubMed]