基于Workbench的带接管封头结构有限元分析和棘轮评定

Finite Element Analysis and Ratcheting Assessment of Nozzle-Header Structures Using ANSYS Workbench

摘要: 带接管封头结构在核电站、石油化工及航空航天等关键领域作为承压设备核心部件，常处于高温、高压与循环载荷的严苛工况，其几何不连续处易产生应力集中诱发棘轮效应，威胁设备安全。国际上ASME III-5与RCC-MRx规范为主流评定依据，但工程实践多倾向低成本的弹性分析。本文以带接管椭圆封头为对象，基于ANSYS Workbench展示两规范的棘轮评定流程，对比弹性分析结果差异并提供流程模板，为工程师提供参考。通过有限元分析发现接管根部应力大，据此提取数据进行评定，结果显示ASME标准更保守。这些发现有助于更安全的设计实践，并促进高风险行业的规范合规性评估。这些发现有助于更安全的设计实践，并促进在高风险行业中进行符合规范的评估。

Abstract: Nozzle-header structures, serving as core pressure-bearing components in critical fields such as nuclear power plants, petrochemical engineering, and aerospace, often operate under harsh conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and cyclic loading. Geometric discontinuities in these structures can induce stress concentration, leading to potential ratcheting effects that threaten equipment safety. Internationally, the ASME III-5 and RCC-MRx codes are the primary assessment criteria; however, engineering practices predominantly rely on cost-effective elastic analysis. This paper focuses on elliptical headers with nozzles, presenting a systematic evaluation workflow based on ANSYS Workbench for both codes. By comparing the differences in elastic analysis results and providing a process template, this study offers a practical reference for engineers. Finite element analysis revealed significant stress at the nozzle root, and subsequent ratcheting assessments indicated that the ASME standard yields more conservative results compared to RCC-MRx. These findings contribute to safer design practices and facilitate code-compliant evaluations in high-stakes industries.