心肌梗死的检测研究进展
Research Advances in Detection of Myocardial Infarction
摘要: 心肌梗死是由于冠状动脉血流急剧减少或中断导致的心肌细胞死亡。及时准确的诊断对于改善患者的预后至关重要。本文综述当前用于心梗检测的主要方法和技术,包括基于心脏信号的诊断方法、生物标志物、新的检测方法和人工智能的应用,并探讨了未来的发展趋势。
Abstract: Myocardial infarction is caused by sudden reduction or interruption of coronary artery blood flow, leading to myocardial cell death. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review summarizes the current primary methods and technologies for myocardial infarction detection, including diagnostic approaches based on cardiac signals, biomarkers, novel measurement techniques, and applications of artificial intelligence (AI). It also discusses future development trends in this field.
文章引用:卢娟, 陈家可, 卢家乐, 夏娟, 张思佳, 朱雪宁, 戴斌, 吕圆. 心肌梗死的检测研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(4): 2232-2239. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.1541174

参考文献

[1] Ashokkumar, S., White, J.L., Kyeyune, D., et al. (2023) SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Ugandan Blood Donors: 2019-2022. Topics in Antiviral Medicine, 31, 36-39.
[2] Song, J., Choi, S., Jeong, S., Chang, J.Y., Park, S.J., Oh, Y.H., et al. (2024) Protective Effect of Vaccination on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 113, 235-245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Li, N., Zhu, L., Sun, L. and Shao, G. (2021) The Effects of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiopulmonary Injuries. Stem Cell Research, 51, Article 102168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Marfella, R., Paolisso, P., Sardu, C., Palomba, L., D’Onofrio, N., Cesaro, A., et al. (2021) SARS-COV-2 Colonizes Coronary Thrombus and Impairs Heart Microcirculation Bed in Asymptomatic Sars-Cov-2 Positive Subjects with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Critical Care, 25, Article No. 217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Agarwal, S., Al Hashimi, H., Agarwal, S.K. and Albastaki, U. (2020) Possible Association between Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructed Coronary Arteries and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192, E1633-E1636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] 汤云霞, 黄翯. 女性心血管疾病现状及性别特异性危险因素分析[J]. 心电与循环, 2024, 43(6): 544-549.
[7] 李瑞珍, 李星辉, 曾璟, 等. 急性心肌梗死合并心脏破裂的研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2024, 39(3): 264-268.
[8] 韩闯, 阙文戈, 王治忠, 等. 基于心电图的心肌梗死智能辅助诊断方法研究综述[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2023, 40(5): 1019-1026.
[9] Mueller, C., Möckel, M., Giannitsis, E., Huber, K., Mair, J., Plebani, M., et al. (2017) Use of Copeptin for Rapid Rule-Out of Acute Myocardial Infarction. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care, 7, 570-576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Khan, S., Hasan, A., Attar, F., Sharifi, M., Siddique, R., Mraiche, F., et al. (2020) Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 6, 6460-6477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Perez Assef, H., Ferrer Arrocha, M. and Aguiar Perez, J.E. (2022) Type 2 Acute Myocardial Infarction: Challenges in Clinical Practice. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 12, 20-22.
[12] 邹明静, 赵玉娟, 孙玉茗, 等. 急性心肌梗死标志物检测方法研究进展[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2024, 21(13): 1964-1967+1971.
[13] Yang, S., Liu, C., Ji, X., Chen, X., Wang, Y. and Tao, R. (2023) The Role of Gold Nanorods in Detecting Circulating Micrornas as Biomarkers in Liver Diseases. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 19, 1721-1729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[14] D’Alessandra, Y., Devanna, P., Limana, F., Straino, S., Di Carlo, A., Brambilla, P.G., et al. (2010) Circulating MicroRNAs Are New and Sensitive Biomarkers of Myocardial Infarction. European Heart Journal, 31, 2765-2773. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Jung, S.E., Kim, S.W. and Choi, J. (2024) Exploring Cardiac Exosomal RNAs of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines, 12, Article 430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] You, F. (2024) Exosomal miRNA-Let-7i-5p from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protects against Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting Myocardial Apoptosis. American Journal of Translational Research, 16, 6528-6539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Mao, S., Liang, Y., Yu, L., et al. (2021) Exosomal Hsa_Circ_0007047 Attenuates Pos-Myocardial Infarction Remodeling by Promoting Angiogenesis via miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 Axis. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[18] Zhang, H., Chen, X., Hu, P., Liang, Q., Liang, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2009) Metabolomic Profiling of Rat Serum Associated with Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis. Talanta, 79, 254-259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Kim, M., Long, T.I., Arakawa, K., Wang, R., Yu, M.C. and Laird, P.W. (2010) DNA Methylation as a Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease Risk. PLOS ONE, 5, e9692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Talens, R.P., Jukema, J.W., Trompet, S., Kremer, D., Westendorp, R.G.J., Lumey, L.H., et al. (2011) Hypermethylation at Loci Sensitive to the Prenatal Environment Is Associated with Increased Incidence of Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 106-115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Kim, S.Y., Lee, J., Shin, W., Oh, I., Ahn, J. and Kim, Y. (2023) Correction: Cardiac Biomarkers and Detection Methods for Myocardial Infarction. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 19, 221-221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[22] Li, M., Chen, F., Zhang, Y., Xiong, Y., Li, Q. and Huang, H. (2020) Identification of Post-Myocardial Infarction Blood Expression Signatures Using Multiple Feature Selection Strategies. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, Article 483. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Wen, X., Ou, Y., Zarick, H.F., Zhang, X., Hmelo, A.B., Victor, Q.J., et al. (2020) PRADA: Portable Reusable Accurate Diagnostics with Nanostar Antennas for Multiplexed Biomarker Screening. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, 5, e10165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Chowdhury, M., Alzoubi, K., Khandakar, A., Khallifa, R., Abouhasera, R., Koubaa, S., et al. (2019) Wearable Real-Time Heart Attack Detection and Warning System to Reduce Road Accidents. Sensors, 19, Article 2780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Kitte, S.A., Tafese, T., Xu, C., Saqib, M., Li, H. and Jin, Y. (2021) Plasmon-Enhanced Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cardiac Troponin I. Talanta, 221, Article 121674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Kitte, S.A., Bushira, F.A. and Soreta, T.R. (2022) An Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Cardiac Troponin I. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 19, 505-511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[27] Azar, A., Andrew, B., Ralf, L., et al. (2018) A Wearable Patch for Continuous Monitoring of Sweat Electrolytes during Exertion. Lab on a Chip, 18, 2632-2641.
[28] Niu, P., Jiang, J., Liu, K., Wang, S., Jing, J., Xu, T., et al. (2022) Fiber-Integrated WGM Optofluidic Chip Enhanced by Microwave Photonic Analyzer for Cardiac Biomarker Detection with Ultra-High Resolution. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 208, Article 114238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Chen, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, J., Qi, C., Liu, J. and Wang, J. (2020) Expression Level and Diagnostic Value of Exosomal NEAT1/miR-204/MMP-9 in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. IUBMB Life, 72, 2499-2507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] European Society of Cardiology (2023) 2023 ESC Guidelines on Acute Coronary Syndromes: Incorporation of Exosomal miRNA-208b.
https://www.escardio.org/guidelines
[31] Boovarahan, S.R., AlAsmari, A.F., Ali, N., Khan, R. and Kurian, G.A. (2022) Targeting DNA Methylation Can Reduce Cardiac Injury Associated with Ischemia Reperfusion: One Step Closer to Clinical Translation with Blood-Borne Assessment. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, Article 1021909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Bollas, A., Wang, Y. and Au, K.F. (2021) Nanopore Sequencing Technology, Bioinformatics and Applications. Nature Biotechnology, 39, 1348-1365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Hu, X., Li, J., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Zhang, Z., et al. (2024) Plug-and-Play Smart Transistor Bio-Chips Implementing Point-of-Care Diagnosis of AMI with Modified CRISPR/Cas12a System. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 246, Article 115909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Scharf, G.M., Kilian, K., Cordero, J., Wang, Y., Grund, A., Hofmann, M., et al. (2019) Inactivation of Sox9 in Fibroblasts Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Inflammation. JCI Insight, 4, e126721. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Ma, H., Cassedy, A. and O’Kennedy, R. (2021) The Role of Antibody-Based Troponin Detection in Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Assessment. Journal of Immunological Methods, 497, Article 113108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] He, B., Ge, H., Yang, F., Sun, Y., Li, Z., Jiang, M., et al. (2015) A Novel Method in the Stratification of Post-Myocardial-Infarction Patients Based on Pathophysiology. PLOS ONE, 10, e0130158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Jaltotage, B., Sukudom, S., Ihdayhid, A.R. and Dwivedi, G. (2023) Enhancing Risk Stratification on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: The Role of Artificial Intelligence. Clinical Therapeutics, 45, 1023-1028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Giampieri, P. (2025) Ai-Powered Contracts: A Critical Analysis. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique, 38, 403-420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[39] Kim, Y., Johnson, T.W., Akasaka, T. and Jeong, M.H. (2018) The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Cardiology, 72, 186-192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Jang, J., et al. (2023) Real-Time AI-Guided OCT Imaging for Coronary Thrombosis Detection. European Heart Journal, 24, 13-17.