超级电容器用碳基材料的合成
Synthesis of Carbon-Based Materials for Supercapacitors
摘要: 电子设备的快速发展以及未来交通、能源生产需求促使研究人员研发具有更高功率容量、更长循环寿命和更高能量密度的新型设备。超级电容器是一种极具潜力的装置，具有出色的功率密度和极长的循环寿命。然而，超级电容由于表面积的可及性有限以及电解质的工作电位窗口受限，其能量密度较低。为解决能量密度低的问题，近年来人们积极开发新型高容量电极材料和新型、先进的电解质，如离子液体、凝胶聚合物甚至固态电解质。在这篇简短综述中，详细讨论了根据电荷存储机制分类的不同类型超级电容器。由于碳基活性材料是本文的重点，最后还讨论了诸如碳化、活化和掺杂等合成参数，这些参数会影响材料的物理化学特性，影响超级电容器的性能，最后给出结论和展望。
Abstract: The rapid development of electronic devices and the needs of future transportation and energy production have prompted researchers to develop new devices with higher power capacity, longer cycle life and higher energy density. Supercapacitors are a highly promising device with excellent power density and extremely long cycle life. However, supercapacitors have low energy densities due to the limited accessibility of surface area and the restricted working potential window of electrolytes. To solve the problem of low energy density, new high-capacity electrode materials and new, advanced electrolytes, such as ionic liquids, gel polymers and even solid-state electrolytes, have been actively developed in recent years. In this short review, different types of supercapacitors categorized according to the charge storage mechanism are discussed in detail. Since carbon-based active materials are the focus of this paper, the synthesis parameters such as carbonization, activation and doping, which affect the physicochemical properties of the materials and the performance of supercapacitors, are also discussed at the end, and finally conclusions and outlook are given.
文章引用：薛博桂, 陆露, 叶向荣. 超级电容器用碳基材料的合成[J]. 材料化学前沿, 2025, 13(2): 236-248. https://doi.org/10.12677/amc.2025.132026

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