行政处罚决定的公开及其限度

The Public Disclosure of Administrative Penalty Decisions: Scope and Limitations

摘要: 长期以来，行政处罚决定公开的范围及限度的模糊为行政机关滥施自由裁量权、广泛公开针对相对人的处罚信息提供了空间，《行政处罚法》第48条确立具有一定社会影响的处罚决定公开制度，具有一定的正当性，对规范和监督行政机关的行政行为，保障相对人隐私权和人格尊严具有重要意义。但应结合司法实践，对法律规范作进一步的解读，公开前明确公开限度、公开时对处罚信息区分处理、公开后为个人权益可能遭受的侵害提供救济途径，从而完善处罚决定公开制度，推进法治政府建设。

Abstract: The longstanding ambiguity surrounding the scope and limitations of public disclosure of administrative penalty decisions has provided administrative agencies with excessive discretionary power to widely disclose penalty information targeting affected individuals. Article 48 of China’s Administrative Penalty Law, which establishes a disclosure system for penalty decisions with “certain societal influence,” possesses inherent legitimacy. It plays a critical role in regulating and supervising administrative actions while safeguarding the privacy rights and human dignity of individuals subject to penalties. However, further interpretation of the legal norms is necessary, guided by judicial practice. This includes clarifying disclosure boundaries prior to implementation, differentiating the processing of penalty information during disclosure, and establishing post-disclosure remedial pathways for potential infringements on personal rights. Through these measures, the penalty decision disclosure system can be refined, advancing the construction of a rule-of-law government.