外显情绪调节策略对消极情绪的调节作用及差异

The Regulatory Effects and Differences of Explicit Emotion Regulation Strategies on Negative Emotions

摘要: 为探讨外显情绪调节策略对社会性及非社会性消极情绪的调节作用及差异。研究通过两个实验，使被试分别使用外显受控情绪调节策略与外显自动化情绪调节策略，分别对15幅社会性刺激图像及非社会性刺激图像进行评分。结果：(1) 唤醒度：外显受控与外显自动化情绪调节认知重评和分心策略显著降低唤醒度，社会性图片的唤醒度高于非社会性图片。(2) 愉悦度：外显受控情绪调节下，认知重评提高社会性消极刺激愉悦度，分心显著提高非社会性消极刺激愉悦度；外显自动化情绪调节下，认知重评与分心均能显著提升非社会性消极刺激的愉悦度。结论：外显自动化对社会化与非社会化消极刺激的情绪调节能力均优于外显受控情绪调节，且自动化条件下，认知重评调节能力提高，表现为对非社会性刺激的调节能力也优于分心。

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects and differences of explicit emotion regulation strategies on social and non-social negative emotions. Two experiments were conducted, in which participants used explicit controlled and explicit automated emotion regulation strategies to rate 15 social and non-social negative stimulus images. The results showed that: (1) Arousal: Both explicit controlled and explicit automated cognitive reappraisal and distraction strategies significantly reduced arousal levels, with social images eliciting higher arousal than non-social images. (2) Pleasure: Under explicit controlled regulation, cognitive reappraisal increased pleasure for social negative stimuli, while distraction significantly enhanced pleasure for non-social negative stimuli. Under explicit automated regulation, both cognitive reappraisal and distraction significantly improved pleasure for non-social negative stimuli. Conclusion: Explicit automated emotion regulation outperforms explicit controlled regulation in modulating both social and non-social negative stimuli. Moreover, under automated conditions, cognitive reappraisal demonstrated enhanced regulatory efficacy, particularly for non-social stimuli, surpassing the effectiveness of distraction.